55 N.E.2d 660 | Ohio | 1944
Lead Opinion
In determining the ultimate question of whether the decision of the Board of Tax Appeals is unreasonable or unlawful, this court is required to consider certain provisions of the laws of Ohio and apply them to the facts of the case.
Section
Section 5350, General Code, provides:
"Lands used exclusively as graveyards, or grounds for burying the dead, except such as are held by a person, company or corporation with a view to profit, or for the purpose of speculating in the sale thereof, shall be exempt from taxation."
Section 10093, General Code, provides that a company or association incorporated for cemetery purposes may acquire and hold, not exceeding six hundred forty acres of land, which shall be exempt from taxation, if held exclusively for burial purposes, and in nowise with a view to profit.
Appellant's position is that its property, owned in fee simple, is laid out and dedicated exclusively for a cemetery and is being used strictly therefor on a nonprofit basis; hence, such property is exempt from taxation *403 within the meaning and intent of the Ohio statutes. Appellant argues further that purchasers of burial lots secure no title to the land, but merely an easement, a license or a privilege therein, to bury human remains, and that if some of the purchasers of lots in appellant's cemetery acquired the same for future sale at a profit, this circumstance has no relationship to the taxability of appellant's property.
In their brief, the appellees concede that the property of the cemetery, containing lots wherein burials have been made and the part where lots have actually been sold for burial purposes, would probably be exempt from taxation; but since, under the evidence, lots of this character were not identified by the appellant and since it is apparent that numerous lots were purchased and are being held for speculation, the decision of the Board of Tax Appeals is correct.
In other words, the appellant contends that the purpose for which cemetery property is held and used by a cemetery association is the test of taxability or nontaxability, while the appellees contend that the purpose for which such property is possessed and held by any person determines taxability or nontaxability under the Ohio statutes.
In approaching a decision in this case, we are met by the well established principle that taxation is the rule and exemption the exception. Therefore, property which is claimed to be exempt from the payment of taxes must come squarely within exemption provisions, since language which relieves from taxation is to be strictly construed. 38 Ohio Jurisprudence, 852, Section 114; Cullitan, Pros. Atty., v. CunninghamSanitarium,
Construing Sections 5350 and 10093, General Code, with the above rule in mind, they mean that if cemetery *404 lands are held by anyone for profit or for speculation, they are taxable.
Interpreting laws similar to those with which we are dealing, the court said in the case of Ivy Hill Cemetery Company'sAppeal,
"* * * we are not concerned with a question as to whether the cemetery grounds were used for profit by the cemetery company, but are bound to consider whether such land was in fact used or held by any one for private or corporate profit."
It was determined in that case that the portion of the land of a cemetery company, occupied by a mausoleum company engaged in the sale of burial crypts for profit, was taxable.
The fact that the cemetery lots which have been sold may not be owned by the purchasers in fee simple is not controlling. They represent an integral part of the cemetery lands, and if held "with a view to profit, or for the purpose of speculating in the sale thereof," the right to exemption does not exist.
Where the use of property or the purpose for which it is held is made the test of exemption from taxation, it is immaterial in whose name the title stands. 2 Cooley on Taxation (4 Ed.), 1421, 1426, 1451, Sections 680, 682, 690. Compare,Cleveland Library Assn. v. Pelton, Treas.,
The cases of Georgia Mausoleum Co. v. City of Dublin,
Upon the evidence presented, we are unable to say that the Board of Tax Appeals was unwarranted in finding that a considerable number of the lots in the Crown Hill Cemetery were acquired and are held not for utilization in burying the dead, but with the end in view of reselling them at a profit. And since the appellant herein, seeking exemption, failed to produce evidence by which its land held for speculative purposes and the part thereof which might fairly be subject to exemption could be separated, we cannot say that the decision of the Board of Tax Appeals denying exemption was unreasonable or unlawful, and such decision is therefore affirmed.
Decision affirmed.
WEYGANDT, C.J., MATTHIAS and TURNER, JJ., concur.
HART, BELL and WILLIAMS, JJ., dissent.
Dissenting Opinion
I am unable to agree with the conclusion reached by the majority. The factual situation as I construe the record is substantially as follows: In 1939, Crown Hill Cemetery Association made application for exemption from taxation of certain described property upon the ground that "the property described herein is used for cemetery purposes only. It is not operated for profit." The Board of Tax Appeals, on April 2, 1940, denied the application. A rehearing was granted and thereafter on December 2, 1943, the application was again denied.
In 1929, a nonprofit corporation was formed for the purpose of acquiring land and establishing a cemetery *406 for the burial of human remains. That corporation was known as Paradise Park, Inc., and in 1937 the name was changed to Crown Hill Cemetery Association. The property was laid out in sections and the sections were divided into lots containing varying numbers of spaces for graves. Prior to 1937 the burial rights in the lots were sold in large quantities to individual purchasers, and some creditors accepted burial rights at a fixed price in payment of obligations due them. No such transactions were countenanced after 1937. There is no direct evidence that these lots or burial rights were held with a view to profit; however the instruments of conveyance permitted unrestricted transfer, permitting the holders thereof to sell such rights for the best price obtainable and the association was bound to recognize the sales.
The material portion of the finding of the Board of Tax Appeals is set forth in the majority opinion.
For the purpose of this case I shall assume that the General Assembly, under the grant of authority found in Section 2, Article XII of the Constitution, had authority in enacting Sections 5350 and 10093, General Code, to attach the condition that lands used exclusively as graveyards shall be exempt from taxation if not held "with a view to profit."
Those sections, in my judgment, mean that the person or corporation making the application must hold the lands or a part thereof for the purpose of speculating in the sale thereof or with a view to profit in order to render such lands taxable.
The construction placed upon the statutes by the majority makes the approval or denial of the application dependent upon the intentions or actions of third persons in nowise connected with the cemetery association.
The conclusion of the majority would seem to be *407
bottomed upon the case of Ivy Hill Cemetery Company's Appeal,
Section
The question in that case was whether the land and a mausoleum constructed thereon, within the cemetery, were tax exempt. The facts were that Ivy Hill Mausoleum Company (a copartnership) entered into a written contract with Ivy Hill Cemetery Company by the terms of which the mausoleum company paid the cemetery company the sum of $10,000 for the use of a parcel of land containing approximately 7,000 square feet and also paid $15,000 to be retained as an endowment fund, the income to be used in the maintenance and repair of the building. The mausoleum company had no interest in the land or building except that it retained the right to sell crypts at its price.
It was virtually admitted that the mausoleum company expected to clear $145,000 profit. At the time the assessment was made a large number of the crypts were still unsold.
The Superior Court of Pennsylvania upon that state of facts held that the land and building were not exempt from taxation. However the court carefully pointed out that a different situation would arise after all the crypts were sold.
The Supreme Court of Georgia, in the case of GeorgiaMausoleum Co. v. City of Dublin,
"2. While the private corporation was engaged in acquiring cemetery lots, and constructing mausoleums thereon for the purpose of pecuniary gain and profit to be derived from such business, the mausoleums, when constructed, were not used for purposes of private or corporate profit or income, but were used solely for the purpose of burying the dead. It is the use *408
made of the property, and not the purchase and sale thereof, which determines the matter of taxation. See Trustees v.Bohler,
The Constitution of Louisiana at the time of the decision in the case of Metairie Cemetery Association v. Board ofAssessors, 37 La. Ann., 32, expressly exempted from taxation "all places of burial, provided such exempted property be not used or leased for purposes of private or corporate profit or income."
At page 36 the court used this language:
"In establishing this exemption, the law concerns itself exclusively with the quality and use of the property, and not at all with its ownership or disposition. So long as it retains the character of a 'place of burial,' it matters not who owns it, how often it may change hands nor at what prices — as a 'place of burial,' it remains exempt. The sale of property is not an use of it within any signification, technical or general, of that word.
"Every cemetery belongs to some owner; and the lots therein are not usually given away, but are sold to persons desiring to acquire them for purposes of interment. If the law had intended to exempt such places of burial,' only on condition that they should not be sold, it would have said so. Under such construction, the unoccupied lots of perhaps every cemetery in New Orleans, would be equally liable to taxation with those of plaintiff. Indeed, churches, hospitals, orphan asylums and other exempt property are equally subject to be sold at the will of the owners, and on the same theory might lose their exemption. Possible profits on such sales are not matters of judicial concern."
That the property here in question as a whole and in all its parts is a cemetery is beyond cavil.
It was dedicated and is used solely for the purpose *409 of burial of the dead. The use being the basis of the. exemption, the sale of the burial rights, either as single units or in large quantities, does not affect the use, and possible profits upon such sales do not destroy the exemption.
There is no evidence in this record that any lot or burial right was sold at a profit or that any of the holders intended such a result.
From the fact that some persons bought these burial rights in considerable number, the Board of Tax Appeals inferred that such burial rights were held "with a view to profit" and therefore denied the application for exemption. Such a conclusion in my judgment was unreasonable and the order should be reversed.
HART and WILLIAMS, JJ., concur in the foregoing dissenting opinion.