86 Tenn. 659 | Tenn. | 1888
Tbe questions presented for adjudication in this case grew out of tbe following facts, briefly stated:
The complainant, for the purpose of releasing dower and homestead, joined with her husband in the execution of certain trust deeds, made by him to secure creditors, upon lands and upon crops of corn and cotton. The proceeds of crops realized from private sales were applied by the debtor, with the consent of the secured creditor, to the payment of unsecured debts, leaving a large debt due the secured creditor, for which he was about to have the real estate embraced in the trust deed sold under the terms thereof, when the bill in this cause was filed by the wife of the grantor, claiming that she stood in 'the position of surety for her husband, as to her right of dower and homestead ; and that the creditor should be charged with the amount of proceeds of sales of crops, so far as her rights are concerned.
Can such contention be sustained? We think not. The wife has not an estate in homestead during the life of the husband, but a mere right of occupancy, or the right to have same exempted from her husband’s debts — except where she unites in the conveyance, with privy examination; but by uniting, she does not convey an estate of which she is seized, but merely consents that her husband may convey his estate, so as to waive her right to an exemption, which, under our law, inures to her benefit. See Parr v. Fumbanks, 11 Lea, 398.
Under the language of the Constitution, Art. XI., Sec. 2, and under the statute, § 2985, (M. & V.) Code, ’homestead is treated as an exemption only. The same language is substantially used as to homestead that is employed in relation to exemption of personalty. See § 2931 and § 2934.
The only substantial difference is that the husband cannot alien the one without the wife joining.
As is said in Howe v. Adams, 28 Vt., 541, the homestead law does not vest any title in the wife as to homestead during life of husband. It is at most but a negative which' she has on the conveyance by the husband.
To the same effect is Gee v. Moore, 14 Cal., 472, and Jenness v. Cutter, 12 Ran., 500, in both of which States the provisions as to homestead are nearly identical with our own. In the last case the question was'whether the wife, by uniting in the husband’s conveyance or trust deed upon homestead, became surety, in the sense invoked here; and it was held, as we now hold, that she occupied no such relation.
It is equally true that as to her right of dower she occupies no position of surety for her husband. Up to the death of the husband, the right of the wife to dower is a mere possibility. The case is put by the complainant’s counsel, apparently, upon
"What interest bad she in the crops that were by her husband, in his life-time, applied to the payment of his debts, unsecured though they were, the secured creditor consenting? None.
She had waived her contingent right of dower, but had conveyed no property or estate, as she had none in the real estate of her husband, during his 'life, which was capable of being mortgaged or pledged by her for the payment of debts, her joining in trust deed operating only by way of release or extinguishment of her future contingent claim. Hawley v. Bradford, 9 Paige, 199; 8 New York, 110; and see Dawson v. Bank of Whitehaven, 6 Law Rep., Ch. Div., 218, where this question is learnedly discussed by Jessel, M. R., and Cotton and ■ James, L. J., and same conclusion reached as here, reversing the decision of Bacon, V. C., reported in 4 L. R., Oh. Div., to the contrary. See also 2 Jones on Mortg., Sec. 1693.
The widow here is entitled only to be endowed out of the surplus, after the payment of the mortgage debts. Gwynn v. Estes, 14 Lea, 662.
The matters of fact and account presented upon the other questions argued at the bar, having been correctly determined by the Chancellor, who took the view of the law here stated, the decree below will be in all things affirmed.