344 So. 2d 63 | La. Ct. App. | 1977
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
I respectfully dissent.
Plaintiff, James D. Crawford, filed suit against his former employer, A1 Smith Plumbing & Heating Service, Inc., and its insurer, State Farm Fire & Casualty Company, to recover maximum workmen’s compensation benefits of $65 per week for a period of 500 weeks for a job-related accident that occurred on December 2, 1974 that left him totally and permanently disabled. In addition he sought penalties and attorney fees under R.S. 22:658 for the alleged arbitrary and capricious withholding of benefits.
After trial on the merits, the district court rendered judgment awarding plaintiff compensation benefits of $65 per week for 52 weeks, subject to a credit of $1,820 previously paid, and for medical expenses incurred to the date of the trial. Statutory penalties and attorney fees were denied. Plaintiff has appealed.
It is conceded that James Crawford, a roofer with 16 years’ experience, was in
The issues before us are the extent of disability occasioned by this accident and whether benefits were arbitrarily withheld.
On December 9, 1974, plaintiff consulted his family doctor, Dr. Charles J. Ganucheau, a general practitioner, who noted marked muscle spasm in his cervical and lumbar spine. X rays indicated congenital anomalies in the neck and back skeletal structures. Dr. Ganucheau was of the opinion that the fall aggravated the congenital problems in the lumbar and cervical spine. He treated plaintiff with physical therapy and examined him periodically between this date and August 4, 1975 (83 office visits). Being of the opinion that plaintiff had received the maximum benefits of medical treatment, Dr. Ganucheau discharged him at that time with the admonition not to lift anything heavy in the future because of his weak back. This would prevent plaintiff’s returning to work as a roofer.
At the insurer’s request, plaintiff was examined by two orthopedists, Drs. George Byram and A. William Dunn. Their views conflicted. Dr. Dunn, who examined plaintiff on December 20, 1974, conceded the trauma aggravated a pre-existing congenital defect producing a painful spine condition that should have subsided in “a few days or at most a few weeks.” However, Dr. Byram, with whom I am more impressed, did not see plaintiff until February 20, 1975 — two and a half months after the accident — and he diagnosed the problem as acute cervical and lumbar strain.
At defendants’ request, Dr. Byram examined plaintiff intermittently during the next three months. On May 23, 1975, he suggested plaintiff might be able to resume work in a report to the insurer:
“He is still having neck and back pain, with generalized radiation into both legs. No upper arm radiation.
“On examination, he has full motion of the neck, with some discomfort. On examination of the lumbar spine, there is generalized tenderness. No sciatic tenderness. He has full range of motion. “He is being allowed to return to work on 6/1/75. He is to be rechecked here on a p. r. n. basis. I think he may continue to have some discomfort in his back on occasion, if he does any lifting. However, there is no significant lasting disability at this time.”
This report in itself might indicate plaintiff could resume his roofing duties and only occasionally experience discomfort in his back when he did lifting. However, Dr. Byram’s deposition established that as a result of this accident plaintiff is more susceptible to back injury now than he was prior to this incident. I quote his testimony:
“Q Had this man returned to work and was doing heavy lifting again, is there anything that would have made his back more susceptible to injury, going back a second time?
“A Well, I don’t think, it may have been perhaps slightly more susceptible than it was the first time because of the injury he sustained, but I think the changes were there, was still there and not changed or anything, maybe deteriorated a little more in the interval. The accident could have aggravated it to some degree, made him a little more susceptible, how much, I don’t know.”
As I understand his testimony, plaintiff, who had congenital lumbar and cervical spine anomalies making him more susceptible to injuries in these areas, sustained severe back and neck strain as the result of an accident he incurred on the job. When he reached maximum recovery from the trauma, he was not restored to his former condition. In fact he was more susceptible to injury after his accident than he was before. Dr. Byram admitted this. Dr. Ganucheau advised against engaging in any lifting activities. Both orthopedists felt
Under Louisiana jurisprudence, an employer takes a workman as he finds him and if an accidental injury triggers a latent condition resulting in disability, then the employee is entitled to workmen’s compensation benefits. Griffin v. Kelly-Springfield Tire Company, 316 So.2d 529 (La.App. 2d Cir. 1975). Where the aggravation ceases, and the workmen’s disability continues solely because of the pre-injury condition, then compensation is due only as long as the aggravation resulting from the trauma persists. Monistere v. Louisiana Department of Hospitals, 273 So.2d 594 (La.App. 1st Cir. 1973).
In this case plaintiff has not been restored to his pre-injury condition. The trauma left its mark, and while the degree of increased susceptibility to new injury cannot be gauged, it is nonetheless a permanent condition inflicted by a job-related accident. It is undisputed that plaintiff has not worked since the occurrence of the accident. Accordingly the judgment should be amended to increase the award to maximum benefits for total and permanent disability.
Further, the award of compensation for 52 weeks baffles me. If limited benefits were due, the logical point to discontinue would have been May 23,1975 (Dr. Byram’s limited discharge date), rather than December 2, 1975 (anniversary date of accident).
Concurrence Opinion
concurring.
The trial judge gave the following reasons for his judgment that plaintiff was not totally and permanently disabled:
“While he may be unable to perform the work which he was performing prior to the accident of December 2,1974, without some discomfort, the evidence does not indicate that plaintiff would be working in substantial pain.”
In Holmes v. Morville Plantation, Inc., 314 So.2d 752 (La.App. 4th Cir. 1975) we were confronted with a case where the medical testimony alone did not support a finding that plaintiff suffered pain from his injury which was substantial enough to be disabling but plaintiff’s testimony convinced the trial judge as to the degree of pain he suffered. We affirmed, recognizing that an evaluation of plaintiff’s credibility as he described the amount of pain was within the exclusive province of the trial judge. When a plaintiff says he is in pain this might be easily explained and demonstrated by medical experts but when he says that he is in such a high degree of pain so that it translates into substantial pain for workmen’s compensation purposes only he really knows and only the trial judge can decide whether he tells the truth or exaggerates.
There is testimony by Dr. Byram to the effect that plaintiff’s accident “could have aggravated [his congenital weakness] to some degree,” but he declined to say how much. In effect, he declined to classify plaintiff’s pain as substantial. Only the plaintiff himself testified that his pain was substantial, but unlike the plaintiff in the Holmes case he did not convince the trial judge.
A reversal of the judgment of the trial court would be contrary to the Supreme Court’s opinion in Canter v. Koehring, 283 So.2d 716 (1973). The testimony of the three physicians quoted in the majority opinion furnished the trial judge with a reasonable factual basis for his finding that any discomfort suffered by plaintiff as a result of his accident was not of such a degree as to constitute substantial pain.
There is conflict in the testimony, not only between plaintiff and the physicians but also within the testimony of the physicians themselves. As discussed in the Canter case, even though our own evaluations and inferences may be as reasonable as the trial judge’s and we may conclude that plaintiff was permanently disabled because he is now working in substantial pain, the Canter case prevents us from disturbing the trial judge’s conclusion to the contrary.
This approach is much the same as the one taken in Laborde v. Martin Lumber Company, Inc., 316 So.2d 440 (La.App. 3rd Cir. 1975), Writ refused La., 320 So.2d 207.
Lead Opinion
Although other evidence might have supported a different result the medical evidence supports the trial judge’s conclusion that plaintiff, despite the many congenital and degenerative defects of his spine, was not totally and permanently disabled by his accident.
Dr. Byram on May 23, 1975 reported “there is no significant lasting disability at this time” and his deposition is consistent with that report.
Dr. Dunn on December 23, 1974 reported “I think he has recovered sufficiently to return to work”.
Dr. Ganucheau agreed with the description of his testimony as “due to the congenital defect Mr. Crawford is experiencing in the cervical and lumbar area you would preclude him from going back to the type of work he did before because of that type of congenital defect”.
Affirmed.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
I dissent for the reasons assigned by Stoulig, J.