Coul v. Louisiana Const. & Imp. Co.

62 F. 749 | 5th Cir. | 1894

PARDEE, Circuit Judge.

The Louisiana Construction & Improvement Company, a corporation created under and by virtue of the laws of the state of Louisiana, is the contractor and lessee of the public wharves and landing places of the city of New Orleans, and, as such lessee, in consideration of maintaining the wharves and landings and making other outlays in relation thereto, is entitled, under its contract with the city of New Orleans, to collect wharf dues from vessels using the wharves at the rates established by the ordinance of the city of New Orleans adopted January 19, 1875, as amended May 12,1875, and again amended May 27, 1881.

Among other rates, the said ordinance' as amended provides as follows:

-“Section 1. Upon all ships and other decked vessels and steamships arriving from sea and landing or mooring at any wharf in the city, the charges shall be as follows: On 1,000 tons and under, 20 cents per ton;, excess over 1,000 tons, 15 cents per ton; steamships in Gulf of Mexico trade, 15. cents per ton.

“Sec. 2. The same payments on ships or sail vessels shall be exacted as on steamships; and an extra charge of one-third these rates shall be paid by all sail vessels or steamships which may remain in port over two months, the same to be recovered before departure, and, if they remain over four months, an additional charge of one-tliird these rates per term of two months from arrival to departure.

“Sec. 3. The wharfage dues on all steamboats shall be fixed as follows: Not over 5 days, 10 cents per ton; each day after, $5 per day; boats arriving and departing more than once a week, 5 cents per ton each trip ¡.boats laying up for repairs during the summer months to occupy such wharves as may not be required for shipping, for thirty days or under, $2 per day; all over thirty days, $1 per day.

“Sec. 4. On barges, steamboat hulls used as barges, flatboats, and other licensed vessels employed regularly in transportation of merchandise on the Mississippi river, the wharfage rates shall be the same as charged now for steamboats in the same business, viz.: If in port eight days, 10 cents per ton; after said eight days, $5 per day. Barges arriving and departing more than once a week shall pay only on each trip 5 cents per ton: provided, also, that this resolution shall not apply to barges, flatboats, and vessels that come to this port for a single trip, to be broken up or their use as carriers of merchandise to be "discontinued at end of trip.

“Amended May 27,1S81, to take effect from and after May 29, 1881: Ocean steamships shall pay at the rate of 15 cents per ton for the first two months or less. Ocean vessels arriving in ballast shall not be charged wharfage during. that time they may be engaged in unloading, but which period shall not exceed five days from time of arrival: provided, said ballast be sold to the city or wharf lessees. Yessels arriving in ballast, and loading exclusively with grain, shall not pay more than five cents per ton .for the first fifteen days, and one-third of one cent per day each' additional lay day.”

The present case is an appeal from a decree of the district court on a libel brought by the Louisiana Construction & Improvement Company, claiming wharf dues from the ocean steamship Thomas Melville, and presents two questions, both dependent upon the interpretation to be given to the city ordinance as above quoted: (1) Is an ocean steamship which arrives from sea, lands at a city wharf, and then departs for a coastwise port for part of cargo liable for additional wharf dues when she returns to New Orleans to finish loading, and again departs, all within two months? (2) Is the wharfage due from ocean steamships to be computed upon the basis of the gross tonnage, or upon the net tonnage?

The facts are not in dispute. The proof shows that the Thomas Melville was an ocean steamship, with gross tonnage of 1,706 tons, underdeck tonnage 1,573 tons, net tonnage 1,066 tons. She arrived in the port of New Orleans, and went to the wharf to unload a cargo of fruit and sulphur from the Mediterranean, on January 23, 1893, where she remained until February 1, 1893, when, having. discharged her cargo, she cleared from New Orleans for Galveston, Tes. At Galveston she took on cargo, returning to the port of New Orleans on the 10th of February, 1893,- landing at another wharf than that previously occupied, and there taking on cargo until March 8, 1893, when she cleared and sailed for a foreign, port. She paid the wharfage dues on her departure for Galveston, but refused to pay the wharfage dues for the use of the wharf on the second entry, following her voyage from Galveston. The libelant demanded pay for this last use of the wharf, which the steamship refused, on the ground that, both voyages having terminated in 40 days from the date of her arrival from the Mediterranean, the ship was liable to only one charge for both voyages and both, moorings at ihe wharf.

1. So far as the use of (he wharves is concerned, the clearance and departure of the Thomas Melville for the port of Galveston, although to take on only a portion of her intended cargo, was the entrance upon a distinct voyage; and, on her return from Galveston to the i>ort of New Orleans, she was again “a vessel arriving from sea,” without any necessary connection with her former entry into the same port. The ordinance is framed with the apparent intention that, on each (miry or trip of a boat or vessel, wharfage dues shall be charged and collected; for, in relation to those vessels which were expected to arrive and depart more than once a week, the ordinance was careful to provide for a reduced wharfage; for instance:

'“¡’.oats arriving and departing nutro than once a week, live mils pur ton each week.” “Barges arriving and departing more than once a week, shall pay only on each trip 5 cents per ion.” “Vessels arriving in ballast, and loading exclusively with grain, shall not pay more than five cents per ton for (.lie first lit'teen days, and one-tliird of one cent per day each additional lay day.”

We think a fair interpretation of the ordinance is that a vessel arriving from sea shall pay wharfage dues for each entry, irrespective of the length of time she may occupy the wharves.

2. The word "ton,” in the ordinance and amendments thereto controlling this case, as applied to the measurement of vessels, has a certain definite meaning, well settled by custom and by the navigation laws of the United States, and it means 100 cubic feet of interior space. The entire cubic contents of the interior space, numbered in tons, is called the “gross tonnage.” When, from the eniire cubic contents of the interior of a vessel, there are deducted the spaces occupied by the crew and by propelling machinery, the remainder, numbered in ions, is called the “net tonnage.” When the ordinance and amendments thereto in question were adopted, the navigation and customs laws of the United ¡•States dealt only with gross tonnage; and, at the same time, canal tolls in the state of Louisiana and general charges for towage and dock services were based upon gross tonnage. There is every reason to conclude, — in fact it is not seriously disputed-— that, at the time of the ordinance and amendments referred to, gross tonnage was contemplated and intended as a basis upon which wharf dues were to be charged and collected. Since the adoption of the said ordinances, there has been no expression upon the part of the city of New Orleans that any other interpretation should be given to the said ordinances. The contract of 1891 be! ween the Louisiana Construction & .Improvement Company and the city of New Orleans contains no intimation or suggestion that any different interpretation is to he given to the ordinance which formed the basis of the contract. On the 5th of August, 1882, the United States, by an act entitled “An act to provide for deductions from the gross tonnage of vessels of the United States” (22 Stat. 300), departed from the practice of cal-dilating customs dues upon tbe gross tonnage of vessels, and adopted tbe practice of calculating customs and tonnage dues upon tbe net tonnage, wbicb was to be determined according to certain rules laid down in tbe statute, and denominated tbe “net register tonnage;” tbe said law providing, however, that tbe register of tbe vessel must show tbe gross tonnage, all deductions made therefrom, and tbe resulting net or register tonnage. Tbe said act also provides that all foreign vessels must be remeasured on entering any port of tbe United States, unless tbe secretary of tbe treasury should become satisfied that tbe nation to wbicb tbe ship belongs has adopted our- system of measurement. This change of practice by tbe United States in tbe collection of customs and tonnage dues is tbe main argument presented to this court to sustain the proposition that, in determining tbe amount of wharfage dues wbicb tbe Louisiana Construction & Improvement Company is entitled to collect under its contract with tbe city of New Orleans, depends upon tbe net rather than upon tbe gross tonnage. We cannot see that tbe acts of congress passed in 1882, in which departure is made from a long-established practice, can affect tbe interpretation of an ordinance of tbe city of New Orleans adopted in 1881. If the ordinance in 1881 contemplated gross tonnage, an amendment adopted by tbe city council would be necessary to change it so as to eliminate gross tonnage, and substitute net tonnage. Our attention has been called to tbe case of tbe Tbe Craigendoran, 81 Fed. 87, wherein Judge Benedict, construing an act of the legislature of tbe state of New York limiting wharf charges, wbicb act provided a rate of wharfage to be demanded of vessels in proportion to their tons burden, held that tbe wharfage dues thereunder should be calculated upon tbe registered, and not tbe gross, tonnage. This case seems to bavfe been well decided, but it is not. applicable here, for tbe reason that, in tbe" statute wbicb the learned judge interpreted,- tbe wharf dues collectible thereunder áre dependent upon the burden or carrying capacity of tbe vessels using tbe wharves; and tbe case was decided in 1887, when tbe registered tonnage, tbe net tonnage, and tbe burden or carrying capacity of a vessel were substantially tbe same.

Tbe decree appealed from seems to be correct, and it is affirmed.