Lead Opinion
11 Carolyn Correro appeals a judgment granting the prescription exceptions of Dr. Jose Ferrer and IASYS Glenwood Regional Medical Center and dismissing her medical malpractice lawsuit.
We affirm.
FACTS
On April 23, 2011, Correro underwent surgery at Glenwood to repair her fractured left hip. Unfortunately, the surgeon, Dr. Ferrer, began the procedure by making an incision in-her right hip before
On April 12, 2012, Correro’s attorney, Douglas Plymale, sent a letter to the Division of Administration requesting the formation of a Medical Review Panel (“MRP”) against Dr. Ferrer and Glen-wood.. It was noted as received on April 17.
On August 13, 2013, Plymale wrote to the Patient’s Compensation Fund (“PCF”) that Dr. Ferrer had waived the panel proceeding and was to be dismissed as a defendant. Nine days later, Plymale received notice from PCF that Dr. Ferrer had been'dismissed.
On November 1, 2013, the MRP’s attorney chairman wrote to the parties that he had scheduled a meeting with the panel ,on November 19 to discuss and decide the case. Two weeks later, Plymale contacted the attorney chairman asking that the panel hearing be postponed because Glen-wood’s . position paper submitted two months earlier had revealed for the first time that two people involved in the surgery, Bernie Caldwell, the physician assistant, and Cathy Greer, the certified registered anesthetist, | ;>were not Glenwood employees. Correro wanted to amend her complaint to add Caldwell and Greer as defendants.
The attorney chairman replied on November 18 that he was- not willing to postpone the hearing. He told Plymale that he could file a new complaint in a new proceeding against any additional parties and have a MRP panel against the new parties.
On November 19, Plymale wrote to the Division of Administration that because of the revelation in Glenwood’s position paper, Correro wanted to amend her. complaint to add Caldwell and Greer as additional independent defendants.
The MRP proceeded as scheduled. It found that the evidence supported the conclusion that Glenwood failed to meet the applicable standard of care in the treatment of Correro, and as a result of this deviation, Correro incurred a right hip incision that should not have been made. The opinion was sent by certified -mail on December 27, 2013, and received by Ply-male on January 3,2014.
On January 13, 2014, the attorney chairman wrote to counsel that he was waiting for payment of his" invoice mailed with the MRP opinion before he would proceed with any work as attorney chairman regarding the amended complaint. He also wanted an understanding that'all work he was to do as attorney chairman regarding the amended complaint would be invoiced and paid in accordance with the statutes as would any other panel proceeding, meaning the work he previously invoiced would not go against the statutory cap on his fees. Plymale replied that he agreed to this.
|3On January 31, 2014, Plymale received a certified letter from PCF stating that ■unbeknownst to PCF, an opinion had been rendered on the earlier panel request when the amendment .submitted on November 19 was filed. Therefore, the amendment would be processed as a new request for a MRP and given a new PCF file number.
On April 23, 2014, Caldwell and Greer filed an exception of prescription, which the trial court granted on July 1, 2014. Correro appealed.
On August 27, 2014, Correro filed a lawsuit against Dr. Ferrer, Glenwood, XYZ Insurance Company, and LAMMICO. She alleged that prescription was interrupted or suspended as to Dr. Ferrer by a
On September 18, 2014, Dr. Ferrer filed an exception of prescription; Glenwood also filed one. On March 13, .2015, Corre-ro filed a motion for a stay of the hearing on these exceptions because of the-pending appeal regarding the dismissal of Caldwell and Greer. - The motion was denied. The exceptions of prescription , filed by Dr. Ferrer and Glenwood were granted on May 8. Correro appealed.
On June 3, 2015, this court rendered an opinion reversing the judgment granting the exceptions' of prescriptions ' filed by Greer and Caldwell. Correro v. Caldwell, 49,778 (La.App.2d Cir.6/3/15),
DISCUSSION
La. R.S, 9:5628(A) sets forth the prescriptive period for Correro’s medical malpractice claim:
No action for damages for injury or death ... whether based upon tort, or breach of contract, or otherwise, arising out of patient care shall be brought unless filed within one year from the date of the alleged act, omission, or neglect, or within one year from the date of discovery of the alleged act, omission, or neglect; however, even as to claims filed within one year from the date, of such discovery, in all events such claims shall be filed at the latest within a period of three years from the (date of the alleged act, omission,, or neglect.
Under La, R.S. 40:1231.8(A)(2)(a)
The filing of the request for a review of a claim shall suspend the time within which suit must be instituted, in accordance with this Part, until ninety days following notification, by certified mail, as provided in Subsection J of this Section, to the claimant or his attorney of the issuance of thé opinion by the medical review panel, in the case of those health care providers covered by this Part, or in the case of a health care provider against whom a claim has been filed under the |fiprovisions of this Part, but who has not qualified under this Part, until ninety days following notification by certified mail to the claimant or his attorney by the board that the health care provider is not covered by this Part, The filing of a request for review of a claim shall suspend the running of prescription against all joint and soli-dary obligors, and all joint tortfeasors,*320 including but not limited to health care providers, both qualified and not qualified, to the same extent that prescription is suspended against the party or parties that are the subject of the request for review[J
Law of the case
In the earlier appeal, this court stated:
Clearly, when Correro made her complaint against Caldwell and Greer, the initial panel was still pending, and according to statutory law' and the jurisprudence, it served to suspend prescription of the claims against all joint tortfeasors, even unnamed ' ones.... Moreover, once the timely request was made to add Caldwell and Greer, it served to likewise suspend prescription against all joint tortfeasors-, i.e., • Dr. Ferrer and Glenwood.
Correro, 49,778 at p. 8,
Correro argues that this court’s statement that the second MRP panel suspended prescription against Dr. Ferrer and Glenwood became the law of the case and precluded the trial court from granting the exception of prescription. We disagree.
This court recently reviewed' the policy of law of the case:
The law of the case refers to a policy by which the court will not reconsider prior rulings in the same case. Day v. Campbell-Grosjean Roofing & Sheet Metal Corp.,260 La. 325 ,256 So.2d 105 (1971). The law of the case principle relates to (a) the binding force of trial court rulings during later stages of the trial, (b) the conclusive effects of appellate rulings at trial on remand' and (c) the rule that an appellate court will ordinarily not reconsider its own rulings of law on a subsequent appeal. Among reasons assigned for application of the policy are: the avoidance of indefinite relitigation of the same issue; the desirability of consistency of the result in the same litigation; and the Inefficiency, and the .essential fairness to both sides, of affording a single opportunity for the argument and decision of the matter at issue. Petition of Sewerage and Water Bd. of New Orleans,278 So.2d 81 (La.1973). However, even when applicable, the law of the case is discretionary and should not be applied where the error is palpable and the application would result in injustice. Id.; Arceneaux v. Amstar Corp., 10-2329 (La.7/1/11),66 So.3d 438 .
J-W Operating Co. v. Olsen, 49,925, pp. 17-18 (La.App.2d Cir.6/24/15),
Although this appeal and the earlier appeal arise from the same set of facts, they involved two separate MRP proceedings. Moreover, neither Dr. Ferrer nor Glen-wood. was a party in the earlier appeal.
Finally, this court’s statement in the pri- or opinion was not essential to the review in that appeal as the timeliness of the suit against Dr. Ferrer and Glenwood was not before it. Therefore, it was dictum.
Prescription
Correro argues that her lawsuit against Dr. Ferrer and Glenwood was not prescribed because her claim against all joint tortfeasors has been suspended by a pending MRP panel since the original MRP proceeding was requested on April 12, 2012. She notes that the second MRP against Caldwell and Greer is still pending.
Dr. Ferrer and Glenwood maintain that prescription against them was no longer suspended once the first MRP mailed its opinion on December 27, 2013. Under La. R.S. La. R.S. 40:1231.8(A)(2)(a), this mailing triggered the 90-day period before suspension of prescription ended. When
Correro argues that because there is a conflict within La. R.S. 40:1231.8(A)(2)(a), then it must be strictly construed against prescription .and her lawsuit should be deemed timely.
Correro contends that because Caldwell, Greer, Dr. Ferrer, and Glenwood are all joint tortfeasors, then the pending MRP against Caldwell and Greer suspended prescription against Dr. Ferrer and Glenwood despite the mailing of the opinion from the first MRP.
|SA similar situation was addressed by the Fifth Circuit in Maestri v. Pazos, 15-9 (La.App. 5th Cir.5/28/15),
We find Maestri v. Pazos persuasive. La. R.S. 40:1231.8(A)(2)(a) is clear that
Correro maintains that she was unable to identify. Caldwell and Greer from the medical records. She cites Ferrara v. Starmed Staffing, LP, 2010-0589 (La.App. 4th Cir.10/06/10),
Correro further contends that she should not be prejudiced by the decision of the attorney-chairman to proceed with the panel hearing, as well as the decision by the Division of Administration to treat the amendment as a new complaint. Again, that addresses the timeliness of the claims against Caldwell and Greer.
Tolling agreement
Correro argues that prescription as to her claim against Dr. Ferrer remained suspended by' the terms of the' agreement that was reached to |indismiss Dr. Ferrer from the MRP.
Dr. Ferrer’s attorney, David Verlander, emailed Correro’s attorney, Plymale, on July 22, 2013, asking if he was still “on-board” about abandoning the MRP as to Dr. Ferrer and letting him file suit with service on Verlander. Plymale replied that it was still okay to do that.
The July 24, 2013, letter from Verlander to Plymale which Correro attempts to characterize as a tolling agreement states, in part:
Because the sole role of the medical review panel is to determine whether Dr. Ferrer, breached the standard of care and whether Ms. Correro suffered any harm as a result ..., we have agreed that the MRP proceeding as to Dr. Ferrer is without practical purpose, and that in lieu thereof you will file suit in Fourth District Court and deliver it to me (with the suit number on it). I will accept service. Dr. Ferrer will be dismissed from the MRP proceeding, reserving your rights as to the Hospital. We agree that there will be no prescription issues based upon this procedure. We also agree that the suit will lie inactive (except for an answer by Dr. Ferrer to accept service and to formally admit*323 his fault as stated above) until -the MRP proceeding has ended as to the Hospital and you have decided whether or not you will be adding the Hospital as a defendant in the suit. I agree further that if you elect to activate or proceed forward with the suit at any other time, you can do so, on giving me fifteen days’ notice.
If this meets with your approval, please proceed to file the suit and send it to me, and to notify the PCF and panel chair of this process that we are agreeing to. If this does not meet with your approval and you decline,-,to follow this process, this letter shall not be deemed nor used as an admission of fault nor as evidence. If you do agree and follow this procedure, this letter may be so used, if needed to epforce our agreement.
InOn August 7, 2013, Verlander emailed Plymale and the attorney chairman that “[t]o be clear, the panel proceeding will no longer involve Dr. Ferrer and the panel will not be opining as to him. The panel as to him will be dismissed and a suit filed, of which I will accept service.”
Dr. Ferrer contends that the intention of the agreement was that the lawsuit would be filed immediately. While the agreement does not state this, it does state that “the suit will lie inactive (except for an answer by Dr. Ferrer to accept service and to formally admit his fault as stated above) until the MRP proceeding has ended as to the Hospital and you have decided whether or not you will be adding the Hospital as a defendant in the suit.” The clear implication is that the suit against Dr. Ferrer was to be filed at least before the MRP rendered its opinion regarding Glenwood.
Correro’s argument-that the agreement continued to suspend prescription past the 90-day period triggered by the notification of the MRP result regarding Glenwood is without merit. .
Correro further contends that even if prescription began running again upon issuance of the panel opinion despite the terms of the agreement, the suit was still timely filed since it was brought within one year of that opinion. It appears that Cor-rero is treating the agreement in that sense as an interruption, of prescription. However, “medical malpractice claims are governed by the specific provisions of the Medical Malpractice Act regarding suspension of prescription, to the exclusion of the general codal articles on interruption of prescription.” Borel v. Young, 2007-0419, p. 25 (La.11/27/07),
|12FinaIly, Correro argues that the doctrine of equitable estoppel should apply to prevent Dr. Ferrer from arguing that the agreement did not toll prescription on her claim against him. This argument is also without merit, At the Very least, Correro could not justifiably rely on the agreement to ignore the 90-day provision when the agreement states that the suit will remain inactive after being filed until the MRP proceeding.against Glenwood has concluded.
CONCLUSION
The trial court correctly ruled that Cor-rero’s claims against Dr. Ferrer and Glen-wood were prescribed. At Correro’s costs, the judgment is AFFIRMED.
CARAWAY, J., concurs in part and dissents in part with written reasons.
Notes
. La. R.S. 40:1231.8 was redesignated from R.S. 40:1299.47 by H.C.R. No. 84 of the 2015 Regular Session.
. Where there are two permissible interpretations of a prescriptive statute, the courts must adopt the one that favors maintaining rather than barring the action. Bustamento v. Tucker, 607 So.2d 532 (La.1992). However, that does not mean that every prescriptive statute must be interpreted in order to avoid prescription. Turner v. Willis Knighton Med. Ctr., 2012-0703 (La.12/4/12),
. "The filing of the request for a review of a claim shall suspend the time within which suit must be instituted, in accordance with this Part, ... or in the case of a health care provider against whom a claim has been filed under the provisions of this Part, but who has not qualified under this Part, until ninety days following notification by certified mail to the claimant or his attorney by the board that the health care provider is not covered by this Part.” La. R.S. 40:1231.8(A)(2)(a).
. La. C.C. art. 3505 provides: “After libera-tive prescription has commenced to run but before it accrues, an obligor may by juridical act extend the prescriptive period. An obli-gor may grant successive extensions. The duration of each extension may not exceed one year.”. .
Concurrence in Part
concurring in part and dissenting in part.
11 While I agree with the dismissal of Glenwood by the . trial court, I disagree that prescription has run on the claim
The initial panel proceeding (“MRP-1”) must be viewed as having a different effect on the claim against Dr. Férrer than its effect on Glenwood. Although he was temporarily named in MRP-1, which interrupted prescription against all joint tort-feasors initially, Dr. Ferrer was dismissed without prejudice, and most importantly, the medical review panel in MRP-1 never rendered an opinion as to Dr. Ferrer. The opinion of MRP-1 concerned only Glen-wood, which placed plaintiffs claim against Glenwood on the special 90-day prescriptive track under the MMA as recognized by the majority opinion.
Dr. Ferrer was therefore sued in this action 3 years and 4 months after the plaintiffs surgery. While this is beyond the 3-year prescription of La. R.S. 9:5628, governing medical malpractice claims, the Supreme Court in Borel v. Young, 07-0419 (La.11/27/07),
The MMA express rule is for interruption of prescription against all joint tort-feasors by the filing of a claim against one tortfeasor. La. R.S. 40:1299.47(A)(2)(a). That rule was the subject of this court’s initial ruling involving this plaintiff and other alleged tortfeasors acting with Dr. Ferrer in the surgery. Correro v. Caldwell, 49,778 (La.App.2d Cir.6/3/15),
In summary, the majority opinion fails to make the distinction between the specific provision for prescription under the MMA for Glenwood and the broad general rule for the interruption of prescription applicable to Dr: Ferrer. The first rule required suit to be filed against Glenwood under the special 90-day provision following the panel ruling in MRP-1. La. R.S. 40:1231.8(A)(2)(a). That special rule did not apply to bar the claim against Dr. Ferrer, whose actions were not the subject of MRP-1. The rule for prescription applicable to Dr. Ferrer allows for interruption of prescription on the claim against him because of the pending claims against the alleged joint tortfeasors in MRP-2. The MMA rules, the Correro I holding, and the Borel ruling mandate this assessment of prescription and a reversal of the trial court’s dismissal of Dr. Ferrer.
APPLICATION FOR REHEARING
Rehearing denied.
WILLIAMS and CARROWAY, JJ., would grant rehearing.