419 F. Supp. 1089 | S.D. Miss. | 1976
Peggy J. CONNOR et al., Plaintiffs,
v.
Cliff FINCH et al., Defendants,
and
United States of America, Plaintiff-Intervenor.
United States District Court, S. D. Mississippi, Jackson Division.
*1090 Frank R. Parker and John L. Maxey, II, Jackson, Miss., for plaintiffs.
Robert E. Hauberg, U.S. Atty., Jackson, Miss., Gerald W. Jones and Michael D. Johnson, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., for the United States.
A. F. Summer, Atty. Gen., of Mississippi, William A. Allain and Giles W. Bryant, Asst. Attys. Gen., Jackson, Miss., for the defendants.
Before COLEMAN, Circuit Judge, RUSSELL and COX, District Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Continuing our difficult journey toward a valid reapportionment of the Mississippi Legislature, we now apportion the State of Mississippi into 122 single member districts for the election of members of the State House of Representatives. Our partial decree of August 24, 1976 apportioning the State Senate, including its findings of fact and conclusions of law, is incorporated in and made a part of this decree.
In constructing a system of single member legislative districts, this Court is compelled to ignore the requirements of the Mississippi Constitution that each County shall have one Representative. We are compelled to abandon two 159 year old state policies: (1) multi-member legislative districts and (2) never fracturing county boundaries in the composition of legislative districts. In short, by the erection of single member legislative districts we have revolutionized Mississippi's system of legislative elections. On the other hand, we have striven to preserve county identity as far as reasonably possible, which Mahan v. Howell, 410 U.S. 315, 93 S. Ct. 979, 35 L. Ed. 2d 320 holds to be a legitimate objective. The spirit, if not the letter, of the policy behind the preservation of county boundaries and the integrity of counties as the basic unit of state government has been largely preserved. The basic fabric of Mississippi government has not been materially harmed. This has caused, or rendered unavoidable, the population variations appearing between and among the respective legislative districts. Once the voting public becomes familiar with the new system (which will take time) the best interests of the State will be promoted by single member districts. Using the foundation here established for the first time, when the results of the 1980 census are known, legislative districts may be revised with less population variances and with a negligible impact on the legislative electoral process.
Mississippi has not been allowed to elect a legislature under rules of its own making since 1963. Three quadrennial legislative elections have been held under reapportionments constructed by this Court; yet, for various reasons, none of the Court-ordered plans has ever reached a decision on the merits in the Supreme Court. The most recent effort of the Legislature to reapportion itself foundered upon objections from *1091 the Attorney General of the United States. As the Supreme Court indicated in its opinion of May 19, 1976, the time has come to put an end to this litigation. Prior experience teaches that nothing short of the course we have adopted has any real hope of ending it.
In Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 at 577, 84 S. Ct. 1362 at 1390, 12 L. Ed. 2d 506, the Supreme Court said that "the Equal Protection Clause requires that a State make an honest and a good faith effort to construct districts, in both houses of its legislature, as nearly of equal population as is practicable."
Consistently with the considerations advanced in our opinion of August 24, 1976, this Court has done all it can do in the way of an honest, good faith effort.
In Reynolds v. Sims, supra, the Supreme Court also said:
"A State may legitimately desire to maintain the integrity of various political subdivisions, insofar as possible, and provide for compact districts of contiguous territory in designing a legislative apportionment scheme. Valid considerations may underlie such aims. Indiscriminate districting, without any regard for political subdivision or natural or historical boundary lines, may be little more than an open invitation to partisan gerrymandering." Mahan v. Howell confirmed this principle.
In the formulation of our Court-ordered plan, literally hundreds of boundary possibilities have been considered in an effort to achieve population norms but there has been no gerrymandering.
DECREE
It is Ordered, Adjudged and Decreed that for the regular quadrennial elections of 1979, and thereafter until changed according to law, the 122 members of the Mississippi House of Representatives shall be elected from 122 districts, as follows, to-wit:
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
1 DeSoto County: Beat 3, Beat 4,
and the Precinct
of Hernando East 17,802
- 2.0
2 DeSoto County: Beat 1, Beat 2,
and the Precincts
of Alphaba, Lewisburg
West, Love,
Nesbit East, and
Pleasant Hill 18,083
- 0.5
3 Marshall County: Beats 1, 2, 3,
and 4 19,226
+ 5.8
*1092
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
4 Benton County;
Marshall County: Beat 5;
Lafayette County: Beats 2 and 3 19,235
+ 5.9
5 Tippah County;
Prentiss County: Beat 2 19,879
+ 9.4
6 Alcorn County: Beat 1, Beat 4,
Beat 5, and the
Precincts of
Biggersville
and Rienzi 19,377
+ 6.6
7 Tishomingo County: Beats 1, 2,
3, and 4
Alcorn County: Beat 2, and the
Precinct of South
Corinth 19,754
+ 8.7
8 Tunica County: Beats 1, 2, 3,
and 4, plus the
Armory Precinct;
Coahoma County: The Precincts of
Coahoma, Jonestown,
Lula, and
Mattson 16,635
- 8.5
9 Tate County; 18,544
+ 2.1
*1093
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
10 Panola County: Beats 1, 2, and
5 19,137
+ 5.3
11 Panola County: Beats 3 and 4;
Yalobusha County: Beats 1, 2, 3,
and 4 17,302
- 4.8
12 Lafayette County: Beats 1, 4, and
5 17,252
- 5.1
13 Union County; 19,096
+ 5.1
14 Prentiss County: Beats 1, 3, 4,
and 5;
Tishomingo County: Beat 5 19,094
+ 5.1
15 Coahoma County: Beat 2;
Lyon Precinct in
Beat 1;
Clarksdale, Rena
Lara, and Bobo
Precincts in
Beat 5 17,303
- 4.8
16 Coahoma County: Beat 4;
All Clarksdale
Precincts in
Beats 1 and 3;
Roundaway Precinct
in Beat 5 17,017
- 6.4
*1094
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
17 Quitman County;
Tunica County: The Precinct of
Two Mile Lake 17,234
- 5.2
18 Pontotoc County; 17,363
- 4.4
19 Lee County: Beat 1, Beat 2, and
Belden Precinct 19,411
+ 6.8
20 Lee County: The Precincts of
Auburn, Bissell,
East Heights North,
East Heights South,
Eggville, Gilvo,
Mooreville, Old
Union, Palmetto,
Tupelo III, Tupelo
IV, Tupelo V, and
Verona 19,058
+ 4.9
21 Itawamba County;
Lee County: The Precincts of
Petersburg,
Plantersville,
and Richmond 19,146
+ 5.4
22 Bolivar County: Beat 1, and the
Precincts of Pace,
Longshot, Shaw,
Skene, and Stringtown;
Sunflower County: The Precinct of
Boyer-Linn 16,687
- 8.2
*1095
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
23 Bolivar County: The Precincts of
Central Cleveland,
East Central Cleveland,
East Cleveland,
West Cleveland, and
Boyle 17,037
- 6.2
24 Bolivar County: Beat 3, and the
Precincts of
North Cleveland
and Merigold 16,912
- 6.9
25 Sunflower County: Beat 1, Beat 3,
and the Precinct
of Moorhead 17,605
- 3.1
26 Sunflower County: Beat 5;
Sunflower and
Indianola Precincts
in Beat
2;
Dockery, Doddsville,
and Ruleville
Precincts
in Beat 4 18,215
+ 0.2
27 Tallahatchie County: Beats 1, 2, 4,
and 5, and the
Precinct of
Paynes 17,487
- 3.8
28 Calhoun County;
Yalobusha County: Beat 5 16,928
- 6.8
*1096
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
29 Chickasaw County;
Lee County: The Precincts of
Pleasant Grove
and Shannon 19,001
+ 4.6
30 Monroe County: Beat 4, and the
Precincts of
Aberdeen III,
Lackey,
Central Grove,
Boyd's (Pine Grove),
Nettleton,
Willis, and
Wren
Lee County: The Precincts of
Brewer, Kedron,
and Nettleton 18,251
+ 0.4
31 Monroe County: Beat 1, Beat 2, and
the Precincts of
Amory V,
Bartahatchie,
Bigbee, Gattman,
Grubb Springs, and
Hamilton 18,976
+ 4.4
32 Issaquena County;
Washington County: Beat 1, and the
Precinct of Avon 18,205
+ 0.2
33 Washington County: The Precincts of
Ward Center,
Community Center,
Arcola, and
Hollandale 17,409
- 4.2
*1097
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
34 Washington County: Beat 3, and the
Precinct of New
County Garage 19,472
+ 7.2
35 Washington County: The Precincts
of Darlove,
Bourbon, County
Recreation Center,
Industrial College,
Leland Health
Clinic, and Leland
Light Plant 18,232
+ 0.3
36 Leflore County: Beat 1, Beat 3,
and the Precinct
of Money 18,111
- 0.3
37 Leflore County: Beats 4 and 5 16,765
- 7.7
38 Carroll County;
Leflore County: The Precincts of
Northeast Greenwood
and East Greenwood
Attala County: Beat 3, less Possumneck
Precinct 17,543
- 3.5
39 Grenada County: Beats 1, 3, 4,
and 5;
Tallahatchie County: Beat 3, less
Paynes Precinct 17,732
- 2.4
40 Montgomery County;
Grenada County: Beat 2 16,891
- 7.0
*1098
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
41 The Counties of Choctaw
and Webster; 18,487
+ 1.7
42 Clay County; 18,840
+ 3.7
43 Oktibbeha County: Beats 1, 3, 4,
and the Precinct
of Hickory Grove 18,981
+ 4.5
44 Oktibbeha County: Beat 5, and the
Precincts of
Northeast Starkville,
and Osborn;
Lowndes County: The Precincts of
Mayhew, West Lowndes,
Barrow, and
University 18,721
+ 3.0
45 Lowndes County: The Precincts of
Air Base, Caledonia,
Rural Hill, New Hope,
Fairview, and
Coleman 18,641
+ 2.3
46 Lowndes County: The Precincts of
Brandon, Lee High,
Stokes-Beard,
Sale, Franklin,
Caldwell, and
Hunt 18,162
- 0.0
*1099
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
47 Sharkey County;
Humphreys County: Beat 5;
Yazoo County: The Precincts of
Carter, Lake City,
Zion, Eden, Free
Run, East Midway,
West Midway,
Harttown, Enola,
Fairview, and
Holly Bluff 16,521
- 9.1
48 Humphreys County: Beats 1, 2, 3,
and 4;
Holmes County: The Precincts of
Coxburg, Tchula,
and Thornton 17,406
- 4.2
49 Holmes County: Entire County,
less the Precincts
of Coxburg, Tchula,
and Thornton 17,602
- 3.1
50 Attala County: Beats 1, 2, 4, 5,
and the Precinct
of Possumneck 18,659
+ 2.7
51 Winston County; 18,406
+ 1.3
52 Noxubee County;
Lowndes County: The Precincts of
Crawford and
Artesia 18,235
+ 0.4
*1100
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
53 Warren County: The Precincts of
Beechwood, Jett,
Redbone, Yokena,
Goodrum, and
Tingle 16,703
- 8.1
54 Warren County: The Precincts of
Cedar Grove,
St. Aloysius,
Auditorium,
Central Fire,
American Legion,
Fire Station No. 7,
and Jonestown 16,793
- 7.6
55 Warren County: The Precincts of
Kings, Oak Ridge,
Walters, Brunswick,
Redwood, Bovina,
and Culkin;
(Warren County reapportionment by Beats
is on appeal to the Supreme Court).
Yazoo County: The Precincts of
Dover, East Bentonia,
West Bentonia,
Mechanicsburg,
Phoenix, Satartia,
Fugate, Deasonville,
and Valley 17,006
- 6.4
56 Yazoo County: The Precincts of
Benton, Center Ridge,
Robinette, East Court-house,
West Courthouse,
South City Hall,
North City Hall,
West Lintonia, and
East Lintonia 16,912
- 6.9
(Yazoo County is in the process of
reapportionment by Beats; hence we
use Precincts).
*1101
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
57 Madison County: Beats 1, 4, and 5 19,853
+ 9.3
58 Leake County;
Neshoba County: The Precincts of
Hays, Turner,
Dixon, and
Groves 19,012
+ 4.6
59 Neshoba County: The entire County,
less the Precincts
of Hays, Turner,
Dixon, and Groves 18,875
+ 3.9
60 Kemper County;
Lauderdale County: All Precincts in
Beats 1 and 2 outside
the City of
Meridian;
The Precincts of
Center Hill,
Obadiah, and
Shucktown in
Beat 3 19,342
+ 6.4
61 Hinds County: Precincts 17,
35-38, 42-45,
Twin Pines
62 Hinds County: Precincts 27, 29,
39-41, 79-83,
Liberty Grove
*1102
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
63 Hinds County: Precincts 1, 5, 6,
8, 9, 14-16, 32-34
64 Hinds County: Precincts 12, 13,
21-23, 28, 30
65 Hinds County: Precincts 2, 4,
10, 11, 18, 19,
50
66 Hinds County: Precincts 20, 31,
52, 55-57, 61
67 Hinds County: Precincts 47, 51,
53, 58, 63, 64, 66
68 Hinds County: Precincts 24-26, 54,
59, 60, 62, 67-69
69 Hinds County: Precincts 49, 70-77
70 Hinds County: Precincts of
Bolton,
Brownsville,
Clinton 1,
Clinton 2,
Clinton 3,
Clinton 4,
Cynthia,
Flag Chapel,
North Clinton,
Pocahontas,
Presidential Hills,
Tinnin
*1103
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
71 Hinds County: Precincts of
Cayuga,
Edwards,
Fairfax,
Hickory,
Learned,
Midway,
Raymond 1,
Raymond 2,
Van Winkle 1,
Van Winkle 2
72 Hinds County: Precincts of
Briarcliff,
Byram,
Chapel Hill,
Dry Grove,
Forest Hill,
Old Byram,
Red Hill,
Terry,
Utica 1,
Utica 2,
Woodville Heights
The single member district plan ordered
into effect by this 3-Judge Court for Hinds
County in 1975 resulted in the election of
three black Representatives, where none had
been elected before. We leave these Districts
unchanged.
73 Rankin County: Beat 2;
Madison County: Beats 2 and 3 18,731
+ 3.1
74 Rankin County: Beats 4 and 5 17,624
- 3.0
75 Rankin County: Beats 1 and 3 17,462
- 3.9
*1104
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
76 Scott County: Beats 1, 2, 4,
and 5 17,087
- 6.0
77 Newton County; 18,983
+ 4.5
78 Lauderdale County: Meridian City
Precincts 1, 2,
3, 4, 7, and 8,
and the County
Precinct of
School Gap 19,143
+ 5.3
79 Lauderdale County: Meridian City
Precincts 5, 6,
9, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, and 18,
and the Precinct
of East Bonita 19,266
+ 6.0
80 Lauderdale County: All Precincts in
Beat 3 outside the
the City of Meridian
except Obadiah,
Shucktown, Center
Hill, and School
Gap;
All Precincts in
Beat 4 except
Meridian Precinct
No. 13;
All Precincts in
Beat 5 outside the
City of Meridian
except East Bonita 19,569
+ 7.7
81 The Counties of Claiborne
and Jefferson; 19,381
+ 6.7
*1105
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
82 Copiah County: Beat 1, Beat 4, Beat
5, and the Precincts
of East Hazlehurst,
West Hazlehurst,
Barlow, Glancy, and
Allen 18,972
+ 4.4
83 Lawrence County;
Copiah County: Beat 2 and the Precincts
of Ainsworth
and Martinsville West;
Simpson County: The Precincts of
Bridgeport, Pinola,
and Shivers 18,647
+ 2.6
84 Simpson County: Beat 1, Beat 2, Beat
3, Beat 5; the Precincts
of Magee North
and Magee South 18,214
+ 0.2
85 Smith County;
Scott County: Beat 2 17,843
- 1.8
86 Jasper County: Beats 1, 3, 4, and 5;
Jones County: The Precincts of
Gitano, Matthews,
and Shady Grove 17,408
- 4.2
87 Clarke County;
Jasper County: Beat 2 16,701
- 8.1
*1106
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
88 Adams County: Beats 1 and 2, and
the Precincts of
Liberty Park, Concord,
and Palestine 19,109
+ 5.2
89 Adams County: Beats 4 and 5, and the
Precinct of Somerset 18,184
+ 0.1
90 Franklin County;
Lincoln County: Beat 4, and the
Precincts of
Caseyville,
Loyd Star,
Old Red Star,
Vaughn, and
Zetus 16,966
- 6.6
91 Lincoln County: Beat 1, Beat 2, Beat
3, and the Precinct
of Northwest Brookhaven 17,243
+ 5.1
92 Jefferson Davis
County: Beats 1, 3, 4, and
5;
Covington County: Beat 3, Beat 4, Beat
5, and the Precincts
of South Collins and
Eminence 19,825
+ 9.1
93 Jones County: Beat 2, and the Precincts
of West Jones, Mason School,
26th Street Fire Station,
and Lamar School 17,470
- 3.9
*1107
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
94 Jones County: Beat 3, and the Precincts
of Sharon, Sandersville,
City Barn, Maddox School,
Stone Deavours School 18,439
+ 1.5
95 Jones County: Beat 4, and the
Precincts of
Moselle, Pendorf,
Pine Grove, Rainey,
South Jones, and
Shelton 17,382
- 4.3
96 Wayne County; 16,650
- 8.4
97 Wilkinson County;
Amite County: Beats 1, 2, and 3 19,354
+ 6.5
98 Pike County: Beats 1 and 5;
Amite County: Beats 4 and 5 18,211
- 0.2
99 Pike County: Beats 2, 3, and 4 19,053
+ 4.9
100 Walthall County;
Jefferson Davis
County: Beat 2;
Marion County: The Precincts of
Goss, Morgantown,
white Bluff,
Stovall, and
Kokomo 18,371
+ 1.1
*1108
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
101 Marion County: Entire County except
the Precincts of Goss,
Morgantown, White
Bluff, Stovall, and
Kokomo 19,587
+ 7.8
102 Lamar County;
Covington County: Beat 1, and the
Precincts of
Richmond and
Sanford 19,735
+ 8.6
103 Forrest County: The Precincts of
Lillie Burney,
Woodley School,
Jones School,
Petal High,
East Bowie,
Petal-Harvey,
Camp School, and
Hawkins Junior High 17,504
- 3.7
104 Forrest County: The Precincts of
Blair High,
Eatonville,
Glendale,
Petal-Leeville,
Rawls Springs,
Macedonia,
Davis School,
Grace Christian,
and Pinecrest 17,555
- 3.4
105 Forrest County: The Precincts of
Central School,
Dixie School,
Westside,
Eaton School,
Sunrise,
Walthall,
Dixie Pine,
Rowan High,
William Carey,
and Thames 17,799
- 2.0
*1109
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
106 Forrest County: The Precincts of
Forrest County A.H.S.,
McCallum,
McLaurin,
Brooklyn,
Carnes, and
Maxie;
Pearl River
County: The Precincts of
Poplarville East,
Poplarville West,
Byrd Line,
Hickory Grove,
Gum Pond,
Wolf River,
Oak Hill,
Hillsdale,
Fords Creek,
Buck Branch,
White Sand,
Mill Creek,
Derby,
Progress,
Silver Run,
Steep Hollow,
Savannah,
McNeill, and
Caesar;
Stone County: Beat 2 17,377
- 4.4
107 The Counties of Greene and
Perry ; 17,610
- 3.1
108 Pearl River County: Beat 4, and the
Precincts of
Picayune I, II,
III, and V;
the Precincts of
Ozone, Carriere,
and Salem 17,036
- 6.2
109 George County;
Stone County: Beats 1, 3, 4, and 5 18,940
+ 4.2
*1110
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
110 Hancock County; 17,387
- 4.3
111 Harrison County: The Precincts of
Biloxi Nos. 1-4,
D'Iberville,
North Bay, and
White Plains 19,217
+ 5.8
112 Harrison County: The Precincts of
Biloxi Nos. 5-7, 7A-8,
Holly Hills, and
Howard Creek 19,086
+ 5.0
113 Harrison County: The Precincts of
Stonewall,
West Handsboro,
Biloxi Nos. 9-11,
and East Handsboro 19,139
+ 5.3
114 Harrison County: The Precincts of
Gulfport Nos. 7
and 12, New Hope,
E & W Saucier,
Gulfport No. 11,
Advance,
East Lyman,
East Orange Grove,
Peace, and
Poplar Head 19,324
+ 6.3
115 Harrison County: The Precincts of
Gulfport Nos. 4, 5,
6, 8, and 9, East
and West Mississippi
City, and East and
West North Gulfport 19,380
+ 6.7
*1111
Population
and percentage
over or
District under the
Number Description population norm
116 Harrison County: The Precincts of
Gulfport Nos. 13
and 14, Gulfport
Nos. 2, 3, and 10,
outside Long Beach,
West Orange Grove,
West Lyman, and
Lizana 19,020
+ 4.7
117 Harrison County: The Precincts of
Gulfport No. 1,
East Pass Christian,
West Pass Christian,
East Long Beach,
West Long Beach,
Pineville,
Delisle,
Ladner,
Vidalia, and
Riceville 19,416
+ 6.9
118 Jackson County: Beat 1 17,595
- 3.2
119 Jackson County: Beat 2 17,595
- 3.2
120 Jackson County: Beat 3 17,595
- 3.2
121 Jackson County: Beat 4 17,595
- 3.2
122 Jackson County: Beat 5 17,595
- 3.2
*1112
(The County has been reapportioned
by Federal Court Order, with practically
equal population in each Beat).
Total Population assigned
to the 122 Districts 2,216,912
Total Population of the
State, 1970 Census 2,216,912
Explanatory Notes
The special problems and unusual circumstances involved in dismantling a 159 year old system of legislative elections in Mississippi, and constructing an entirely new system of single member districts, were described in our opinion of August 24, 1976, redistricting the State for the election of 52 Senators. We need not repeat them with reference to the House of Representatives, except to emphasize that the exceedingly low 1% population norm of 181 persons has made our task with reference to 122 House members far more difficult.
We are aware that in Chapman v. Meier, 420 U.S. 1, 95 S. Ct. 751 at 764, 42 L. Ed. 2d 766, with reference to court-ordered plans the Supreme Court held that a maximum deviation of 20% is
"impermissible in the absence of significant state policies or other considerations that require adoption of a plan with so great a variance. The burden is on the District Court to elucidate the reasons necessitating any departure from the goal of population equality, and to articulate clearly the relationship between the variance and the state policy furthered".
This Court makes no effort to conceal its unhappiness that in this 122 seat reapportionment District 5 is 9.4% over the norm, District 57 is 9.3% over the norm, and District 92 is 9.1% above the norm. District 47 is 9.1% below the norm. Thus, there is an aggregate deviation of 18.5%. Even so, 74 districts vary no more than 5% either way.
Districts 5 and 92 are in the heavily populated white area of Northeast Mississippi. Tippah County is 16% black. Prentiss County is 11% black. The Districts are surrounded by Districts also above the norm. A shift of a few dangling precincts, of uncertain population, to achieve a smaller variation would have no impact on the personal identity or political principles of the Representatives chosen from these Districts. On the other hand, considering Mississippi's system of counties, beats, precincts, and permanent voter registration such shifts would complicate the legislative electoral process in this area, with no added benefit to the effectiveness of the individual vote.
District 47 is situated in a solidly black area (black population percentages 68%, 64%, and 53%). It is in the Delta, cut up by numerous bayous, lakes and a major river. It is surrounded by Districts already below the norm.
District 57 is wholly within Madison County (62.3% black), which has not been reapportioned under the one man-one vote rule. When this occurs this District will have approximately 17,841 people, or 1.2% below the norm.
District 92 is composed of parts of two small counties, adjacent to the County of Jones, which alone has enough population for 3 Representatives. Diligent search for a viable percentage reduction here has been fruitless.
*1113
Black Population Majority Districts
in this Court Ordered Reapportionment of
the Mississippi House of Representatives
District 3 Marshall County is
61.9% black.
Districts 8, 15, and Tunica County is
16 72.6% black; Coahoma
County is 64.3% black.
District 10 Panola County is
51.2% black.
District 17 Quitman County is
57.4% black; Tunica
County is 72.6% black.
Districts 22, 23, 24, Bolivar County is
25, and 26 61.4% black; Sunflower
County is 62.7% black.
District 27 Tallahatchie County
is 60.1% black.
Districts 32, 33, 34, Issaquena County is
and 35 62% black; Washington
County is 54.4% black.
Districts 36 and 37 Leflore County is
57.8% black.
District 38 Carroll County is
50.7% black, Leflore
County is 57.8% black,
Beat 3 of Attala
County is 25% black.
Districts 47, 48, 49, Sharkey and Humphrey
and 56 Counties are 64% black,
Holmes County is 68%
black, and Yazoo
County is 53% black.
District 52 Noxubee County is
65% black; the precincts
of Artesia and Crawford
are preponderantly
black.
District 57 Madison County is
62.3% black.
*1114
Districts 61-72 Elected three black
Hinds County Representatives in
1975.
District 81 Claiborne County is
74.5% black; Jefferson
County is 75.2% black.
District 97 Wilkinson County is
67% black; Amite
County is 50.4% black.
Thirty Districts have black population
majorities.
Kemper County, black population 54%, is the only
black majority county wholly attached to a white majority
county area to form a district. It has only 10,233
people, 56% of the required population norm for a House
Seat.
Special Elections
In the Order of June 25, 1975, we stated that when a permanent plan for the reapportionment of the Mississippi Legislature "shall have been accomplished, special elections may be ordered in those legislative districts where required by law, equity, or the Constitution of the United States".
In our Order of July 8, 1975, dealing with the temporary plan for elections in that year, we said:
"We have determined that no irreparable injury will occur by allowing the 1975 legislative elections to proceed under a temporary plan on the dates provided by law. If the permanent plan, later to be adopted manifests that the temporary plan has caused such an [irreparable] injury the same shall be corrected by special elections as provided by Mississippi law."
As in our partial decree of August 24, 1976, with reference to the Mississippi State Senate, we now direct the parties within fifteen (15) days to file a list of the districts for the election of Representatives in which special elections should be held, if there are any such districts, assigning their reasons as to each district individually.
Upon the receipt of this information, the Court will rule thereon as quickly as reasonably possible. Should special elections be ordered in any district, the same will be held only after fully adequate notice and in time for the person elected to take his seat when the Legislature is convened in regular session in January, 1977.
This is not a final decree. The final decree, incorporating all decrees, will be entered when the Court disposes of the matter of special elections.