119 A. 321 | R.I. | 1923
The above entitled cause is a suit in equity for partition of certain land in which the complainant and the respondents Luke Connole and Thomas Connole *3 are tenants in common. In a portion of said land the respondent Clara Connole is entitled to one-third of the rents and profits, which one-third has been assigned to her as dower, in the rest of said land she has a life estate which has been set off to her as an estate in addition to dower.
At the time of commencing this suit a portion of said land was improved and productive and the rest was unimproved and unproductive. The cause is before us upon the complainant's appeal from a decree of the Superior Court making partition by a distribution of the proceeds of the sale of all of said land.
It appears that said land comprised all the real estate of which John Connole late of Cranston, deceased, died seized and possessed, that said John died in 1906 intestate and without issue. The complainant, William Connole, and the respondents Luke and Thomas Connole are the brothers and sole heirs at law of John Connole. Clara Connole is the widow of John Connole. It further appears that on November 14, 1919, prior to the commencement of this suit, upon the petition of Clara Connole, the Probate Court of Cranston assigned to her as and for her dower one-third of the net rents and profits arising out of all the real estate of which John Connole died seized and possessed. Later, on the petition of Clara Connole said probate court on July 30, 1920, allowed and set off to her by metes and bounds to hold in addition to her dower, subject to the same conditions and for the same time as she holds her estate of dower, certain real estate, the same being all of the improved and productive real estate of which John Connole died seized and possessed, which later decree was affirmed by order of this court in Connole v. Connole,
In the Superior Court and before us the complainant attacked these two decrees of the Probate Court of Cranston and contended that they should be treated as nullities. The decree of November 14, 1919, assigned to the widow as her dower "one-third of the net rents and profits arising out of said estate," and erroneously recited that the assignment *4 was made in accordance with the provisions of Section 17, Chapter 329, General Laws, 1909. The authority to assign dower to a widow in a special and certain manner as of a third part of the rents, issue, growth or profits of the real estate of her deceased husband is conferred by Section 2 of said chapter and not by Section 17, which latter section provides for the assignment of a fixed rental in substitution for an assignment by metes and bounds. The erroneous recital, however, does not render the decree invalid; it should be treated as surplusage, as should also the following language in the decree, on which the complainant lays stress: "Said sum to be and remain, until further order of this Court, a fixed charge upon the estate of which said John Connole died seized and possessed." From this the complainant urges that the decree was qualified and not final, that it might be modified or revoked by the probate court at any time upon the application of a party in interest and contrary to the wish of the dowress. We do not approve the contention. The assignment of dower when made in a special manner as provided in said Section 2 is absolute. It stands in substitution for an assignment of an estate for life by metes and bounds and becomes a charge upon the land which is not to be relieved therefrom by the probate court without the consent of the dowress.
Complainant's objection to the latter of these two decrees is based upon the following language contained therein: "she to hold such real estate in addition to her dower subject to the same conditions and for the same time as she holds her estate of dower." His contention is that as there has been no valid assignment of dower, the widow did not obtain an unqualified estate by this decree which only purports to assign to her an estate "subject to the same conditions and for the same time as she holds her estate of dower." The language quoted from the decree is that of the statute authorizing the allotment to a widow of an estate in addition to her dower. Its purpose is to define the nature of all such estates, as being for life, subject to forfeiture for the reasons *5
for which an estate of dower may be forfeited. Moreover this contention of the complainant depends upon the validity of his objection to the first decree and falls with it. In Connole v.Connole,
By the first decree there was assigned to the widow one-third of the rents and profits of all said real estate, improved and unimproved. The second decree purported to set off to her by metes and bounds the entire improved real estate as an estate in addition to dower to hold upon the same conditions and for the same time as she holds her estate of dower. Whether it be considered that the second decree giving to the widow a life estate in all the improved real estate was a modification of the first decree in so far as that related to such improved real estate, or it be held that the interest in the improved property which she received by the first decree became merged in the greater allowance given to her by the second has no practical effect upon the interests of either the heirs at law or the widow. We are of the opinion that by the entry of the second decree the first was modified at the request of the widow and that then the widow acquired a life estate in all said productive property subject to forfeiture to the reversioners for waste as provided by statute.
It thus appears that at the time this suit for partition was filed the interest of the parties in said real estate was as follows: As to such as was productive the widow had a life estate and William, Luke and Thomas Connole were tenants in common in fee of the reversion. As to the unproductive the brothers Connole were tenants in common in fee simple, and said real estate was charged with the right of the widow to receive one-third of the net rents and profits during her life.
After the filing of the bill upon the suggestion of a justice of the Superior Court a decree was entered to which all the parties assented, ordering all of said real estate to be sold. *6
It was sold by a commissioner and the proceeds of the sale turned into the registry of the Superior Court. It is needless to consider the decision in Newell v. Willmarth,
Although this suit is one for partition the Superior Court treated it as if it were a proceeding to set off dower. In giving to the widow a gross sum from the proceeds of the unimproved real estate in which dower had already been assigned to her the court was governed by what we must regard as misleading obiter dictum
contained in the opinion in Sheffield v. Cooke,
The Superior Court fixed the amount of the gross sums awarded with reference to the widow's expectancy of life, in accordance with standard mortality tables. In the determination of certain matters courts are forced to use the tables of expectancy of life which record the average of a large number of instances. In the assignment of dower in the proceeds of the sale of land the use of such tables is unnecessary, because the court is not called upon to determine the widow's expectancy of life. In most cases it would result in injustice either to the heirs or to the widow to fix, in accordance with a table based upon averages, the present value of a dower interest, which depends upon the duration of a *8
future period so uncertain as that of the life of a particular individual. In dealing with this question the court said inBonner v. Peterson,
The costs of suit and the expenses of the commissioner's sale should be deducted from the proceeds of the sale. There should be charged against the purchase money received for each parcel the same part of the total costs and expenses, as the price received for that parcel was of the total amount received for all the parcels. After deducting from the proceeds of the sale of the unimproved real estate the portion of the costs and expenses charged against it one-third of the balance should be securely invested and the interest received from such invested fund paid regularly to the respondent Clara Connole during her life; after her death one-third of such invested fund should be paid to each of the brothers of John Connole or to his heirs or assigns, or to the person *9 legally entitled to the whole or a part of the same. The remaining two-thirds of the proceeds of the sale of the unimproved real estate should be divided equally among the three brothers of John Connole, securing the rights of persons, parties to this suit, in any portion thereof. After deducting from the proceeds of the sale of the improved real estate that portion of the costs and expenses charged against it the balance should be securely invested and the interest from such invested fund paid regularly to the respondent Clara Connole during her life; after her death one-third of such invested fund should be paid to each of the brothers of John Connole or to his heirs or assigns, or to the person legally entitled to the whole or any part of the same.
It appears by the papers that during the progress of the suit Sarah E. Connole, wife of Luke Connole, was made a party and summoned in. It does not appear, however, by the decision of said justice or in the final decree that there was any adjudication of her rights, if any she had, nor provision made for their security.
On January 22, 1923, we will hear the parties as to the rights of said Sarah E. Connole, and as to the form of decree to be entered in the Superior Court.