190 Mich. 631 | Mich. | 1916
A permanent injunction is sought in this case restraining the trustees of the Hanover Unit School District from disposing of $15,000 in bonds, which the district voted in order to secure funds with which to erect a new school building. Upon the filing of the bill, a temporary injunction issued pending the hearing. At the hearing the bill was dismissed and the injunction dissolved. The complainants appeal.
It appears that in the month of September, 1913, the school house belonging to the district was condemned by the State authorities, for the reason that it was unsafe, and a further use of it was prohibited. Following this action, and in April, 1914, at the regular monthly meeting of the board of education, a motion was made and carried to hold a special election on May 6, 1914, for the purpose of voting on a bond issue of $15,000 to obtain funds with which to erect a new building. Notice thereof was given and the election was held, and the proposition carried. The validity of the proceedings to issue the bonds is questioned by complainants upon three grounds:
(1) That the secretary of the board of education was not authorized to call a special election.
(2) That there was no proof on file of the posting of the notices of election at the time the election was held.
(3) That the proceedings taken to organize the district were' invalid.
“Third, to give the prescribed notice of the annual meeting and of any special meetings, of the district which the board may call: Provided, that the notice of all annual and special meetings shall be properly posted in at least five public places in the township and one on each school building not less than five days prior to such meeting: Provided, further, that on the petition of at least one-tenth and not less than twenty-five of'the qualified voters of the township district presented to the secretary or president for the purpose of calling a special school meeting, the secretary shall give the notice as hereinbefore provided.”
The act specifically authorizes special meetings to be held to determine propositions to bond, but does not in express terms authorize the board to call them. We think a fair construction of the act, however, contemplates that the board of education may call special meetings upon its own initiative. If this were not so, the requirement of the act that the secretary shall give notice of the special meetings of the district which the board may call would be meaningless. The legislature evidently did not desire to leave this power wholly in the hands of the board, so it provided a method whereby special meetings could be called by a certain percentage of the qualified voters without the aid or intervention of the board. In the present case the board was well within its authority in calling the special election in question. See Central School, etc., House v. School District No. 3, 99 Mich. 402 (58 N. W. 324).
It is further urged in this connection that there was in fact no valid action upon the part of the board of education in calling the special election, inasmuch as
“The several township officers shall be ineligible to election as members of the board of education during the term for which they were elected and any votes cast for such township officers for members of the board of education shall be void.” Section 21, Act No. 117, Pub. Acts 1909 (2 Comp. Laws 1915, § 5929).
It appears, however, that notwithstanding the inhibition, Guernsey and Damon were elected, took the oath of office and entered upon the duties thereof, and were recognized for upwards of a year as trustees and members of the board. We think under such circumstances they were acting under the color of title to the office, and that they were de facto officers. This being so, their official acts could not be questioned collaterally by a private party by showing that they were not entitled to the office. Bird v. Perkins, 38 Mich. 28; 28 Cyc. p. 420; Petersilea v. Stone, 119 Mass. 465 (20 Am. Rep. 335); Town of Plymouth v. Painter, 17 Conn. 585 (44 Am. Dec. 574).
The precise question here presented is whether a person who was- not qualified to fill the position could be said to be holding the office under color of title. Upon this question the last case cited quotes with approval the holding in Knight v. The Corporation of Wells, Lut. 508; it was there held:
“That if one elected mayor of a corporation, without being legally qualified to be chosen to that office, after such election puts the seal of the corporation to a bond, this obligation is good, because, by coming into the office by color of an election, he was thereby mayor de facto; and all judicial and ministerial acts done by him are good.”
These cases are not in point to the first contention, because in those cases it was declared that the service of the notice on the officers of the other school districts for a joint meeting was jurisdictional. It was the initial step in the proceeding.,. The jurisdictional fact' here is the ordering of the special election. The giving of notice thereof was but a step in the proceedings, which, if insufficiently given, would amount to an irregularity, for which the courts would vacate the election, if it were shown that the voters were misled or prejudiced thereby. But unless this showing was made, the courts would refuse to set aside the election. Wightman v. Tecumseh, 157 Mich. 326 (122 N. W. 122).
The giving of the notice is not a duty which rests upon the board; that is made the duty of the secretary. Proof that he discharged that duty according to law
The chancellor who heard the case came to a proper