507 F.2d 1404 | C.C.P.A. | 1975
This appeal is from the decision of the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board
The issue is whether appellee’s mark so resembles appellant’s mark as to be likely, when applied to appellee’s goods, to cause confusion or mistake, or to deceive for purposes of 15 U.S.C. § 1052(d).
From the parties’ stipulation of facts, it is recognized that VOGUE magazine is and always has been a leading fashion magazine; that it is distributed throughout the United States and Canada, usually at seventy-five cents a copy; that average circulation from 1960 through 1971 ranged from 423,000 to over 508,000 per month; and that appellant’s annual promotion costs for the magazine have increased from $467,340 for 1960 to over $1 million for 1968 through 1971.
Appellant’s 1948 registration indicates that VOGUE magazine is published twenty times yearly. An examination of the March 15, 1972, issue exhibited by appellant shows that about half its pages are devoted to advertising or discussion of women’s apparel and that the “FASHION” section comprises displays of apparel for “The Weekend Spirit,” “City Weekend,” “Sun Weekend,” and “Country Weekend.” Outfits pictured for “Country Weekend” have “Vogue Pattern” numbers, and approximate prices at various stores are indicated for clothes shown for all the “Weekends.” Exhibits of promotional material for the magazine include a special VOGUE issue (“The New York Collections Issue”), showing advertisements consisting of window displays, predominantly of dresses and women’s outer apparel; a brochure advertising a December issue of the magazine and stating that it will include “a panorama of fashion and its accessories”; and a Fabric Chart for Resort-Spring-Summer 1970 from VOGUE.
Appellant argues that “the public would be reasonably likely to believe that applicant’s dresses have some association or connection with opposer’s well-known VOGUE fashion magazine ..” It cites several cases to support its contention that a natural relationship exists between a fashion magazine and wearing apparel, such as dresses, but only one of these is apposite, namely: In re Montreal Dress & Sportswear Mfrs.’ Guild, 166 U.S.P.Q. 278 (TTAB 1970). There the board affirmed a refusal to register ELAN, which it considered an “arbitrary” mark, for a fashion magazine because of likelihood of confusion with a virtually identical mark (ELAN in script) registered for women’s apparel. In Jos. S. Cohen & Sons Co., v. Hearst Mags., Inc., 220 F.2d 763, 42 CCPA 836 (1955), the court affirmed the Patent Office decision granting a petition by the owner of Good
Appellee argues that the term VOGUE is “weak” as applied to wearing apparel and cites various cases for the proposition that protection accorded “weak” or “descriptive” marks is “narrow.”
Appellee relies heavily on Conde Nast Publications, Inc. v. Glamorise Foundations, Inc., 171 U.S.P.Q. 174 (TTAB 1971). Unfortunately, this is án unpublished opinion, reported only in digest form, and is not of record. In its opinion below, the board merely stated:
“GLAMOR — X” for foundation garments was held not to conflict with “GLAMOUR” for a fashion magazine.
Appellee further relies on some sixty-nine third party registrations of marks in which “Vogue” appears in one form or another as evidence showing “ordinary usage” of the word “Vogue.” However, most of these registrations either have been canceled or expired. There is no evidence of actual use, and this court has made it clear that, without such evidence, third party registrations
In its opinion, the board said:
It is our opinion that persons encountering misses’ and ladies’ dresses under the mark “COUNTRY VOGUES” in the marketing environment generally surrounding the sale of goods of this type would in the context in which it is used attribute to the term “VOGUES” its normal and well-known meaning and would not, in any way, associate this apparel with the publisher of “VOGUE” magazine.
We agree. According to Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (1971), “vogue” has a meaning of “something in fashion at a particular time,” as a noun, or “being currently or temporarily in vogue: FASHIONABLE,” as an adjective. Obviously VOGUES is not an adjective. COUNTRY VOGUES and VOGUE do not look or sound alike. The only similarity between them is that VOGUE is part of the mark COUNTRY VOGUES, and the dissimilarities between the marks, viewed in their entireties, outweigh this similarity sufficiently to leave no doubt.
Having considered the entire record, along with the briefs and arguments of the parties, we hold that COUNTRY VOGUES does not so resemble VOGUE as to be likely, when applied to appellee’s ladies’ and misses’ dresses, to cause confusion or mistake, or to deceive.
The decision of the board is affirmed.
Affirmed.
. 180 U.S.P.Q. 149 (1973).
. Registration No. 69,530, issued June 16, 1908, and twice renewed; registration No. 504,006, issued November 16, 1948, and renewed.
. Appellee makes the point that the record contains no evidence of actual confusion, but we note that only about one year elapsed between the alleged date of first use of COUNTRY VOGUES and filing of the opposition. Also, evidence of actual confusion is not required by 15 U.S.C. § 1052(d). In re Calgon Corp., 435 F.2d 596, 58 CCPA 830 (1971).
. For example Sure Fit Products Co. v. Saltz-son Drapery Co., 254 F.2d 158, 45 CCPA 856 (1958); J. Kohnstam, Ltd. v. Louis Marx & Co., 280 F.2d 437, 47 CCPA 1080 (1960). Ap-pellee stresses Vogue Co. v. Thompson-Hudson Co., 300 F. 509 (6th Cir. 1924), where the court refused to grant relief for trademark infringement based merely on defendant’s use of the word “Vogue” in “Vogue Hats” and said that “Vogue” was a word which “all are at liberty to use.” This could scarcely bind events occurring over the past fifty years. See Old Grantian Co. v. William Grant & Sons, Ltd., supra. Moreover, this case involved a law different from that with which we are here concerned.
. Appellee argues that doubt is resolved in favor of the applicant, but here the opposite is true since appellee is the newcomer. In re Pneumatiques, Caoutchouc Manufacture, 487 F.2d 918 (CCPA 1973). Appellee also argues that dismissal of a cancellation proceeding brought by appellant against appellee is res judicata, citing Conde Nast Publications, Inc. v. Miss Quality, Inc., 170 U.S.P.Q. 364 (TTAB 1971); but the trademark involved there, JUNIOR VOGUES, is not the same as COUNTRY VOGUES, so that res judicata is inapplicable.