81 Pa. Super. 205 | Pa. Super. Ct. | 1923
Argued April 16, 1923. The appellants were jointly charged, with one Goldman, in two indictments, one of which charged conspiracy to burn a certain dwelling house and the other charged that they did maliciously, voluntarily and feloniously attempt to set fire to, with intent to burn, a certain building and dwelling house. The indictments were tried together and the trial resulted in a conviction of all three defendants, on each of the indictments. The court imposed sentence only upon the indictment No. 539. August sessions, 1922, which charged the felonious attempt to set fire to, with intent to burn, a dwelling house. Benjamin Sonis and David Sonis, respectively, have taken these separate appeals from the results of the trial. The appellants thus state the questions they contend axe here involved. "1. Was the evidence sufficient to sustain an indictment for attempted arson, or was it even competent to prove conspiracy? 2. Did not the court abuse its discretion in refusing to allow a severance, especially in view of the subsequent remarks of counsel for one defendant? 3. Where the trial judge makes a fundamental error in his charge on the effect of good character and no exception is taken, will a new trial be granted to insure justice? 4. Where the Commonwealth proves an attempt to defraud the insurance companies by burning *208 merchandise, can the defendants be found guilty of arson, where there was no actual burning of real estate?"
1. The evidence was sufficient to sustain the conviction of these defendants. It established that the actual attempt to set fire to the building was made by Goldman and a man named Weisfeld, the latter of whom escaped, but Goldman and Weisfeld were merely hired incendiaries. All the arrangements for setting fire to the building had been made in advance and both Benjamin and David Sonis had participated in making arrangements for the fire. Benjamin Sonis had actually paid to Goldman and Weisfeld the price agreed upon as their compensation for setting fire to the building. He had left the side door of the building unlocked so that Goldman and Weisfeld could obtain access to the storeroom and dining room and saturate the floors, walls, fixtures and personal property with gasoline and then light a fuse and so place it that they would have time to escape before the fire was communicated to the gasoline. Goldman and Weisfeld, as well as Benjamin Sonis, had visited David Sonis and held consultations with regard to the proposed conflagration. The building involved in the arrangement was a dwelling house, the first floor front room of which was used by Benjamin Sonis as a store and he, with his family, occupied the rear rooms of that floor and the front room upon the second floor as his dwelling, while the other rooms in the house were occupied by other persons, as their respective homes. The building was owned by another. The evidence disclosed that Benjamin Sonis was in financial difficulties and desired to obtain funds by having the fire and then collect the money from the insurance companies for the loss of goods alleged to have been in his store. This being so it was to his advantage to have the goods removed from the store, to as great an extent as possible, before the fire occurred. In carrying out this design a large quantity of goods were removed from the store of Benjamin Sonis and taken to the home of David Sonis, who received and concealed *209
them in his cellar; the policies of insurance upon the goods in Benjamin's store were also taken to the home of David, who kept them, thus preserving the evidence for the attack upon the insurance companies. This evidence was entirely sufficient to sustain a conviction upon the indictment charging conspiracy, and it was also sufficient to sustain a conviction of both of these defendants upon the indictment charging an attempt to set fire to, with intent to burn, that building: Com. v. Puretta,
2. When two persons are jointly indicted for the offenses with which we are now dealing, it is entirely within the discretion of the court below to determine whether they shall be given separate trials. The fact that one defendant may attempt to escape by throwing the blame on the other, is no reason why the court should grant them separate trials: Com. v. Place,
3. The appellants took no exception to the charge of the judge as to the effect of evidence of good character, and there is no valid assignment of error which raises this question. If the defendants had desired more specific instructions as to the effect of evidence of good character they should have presented a written request for certain instructions.
4. The assignments of error which raise this question are in no respect different from those which we have considered in connection with the first question involved, and in them there is no merit.
5. The first assignment of error attempts to raise a question which cannot be considered. Upon the conclusion of the testimony of the Commonwealth counsel for the defendants moved "that the bills be submitted," which motion the court overruled, and the defendants having taken an exception, the ruling is assigned for error. The motion "to submit the bill," upon the conclusion *211
of evidence by the Commonwealth, seems, under the practice in some courts, to be equivalent to asking the court to direct the jury to render a verdict of not guilty. This practice is altogether irregular. If the defendant deems the evidence produced by the Commonwealth insufficient he may enter a formal demurrer thereto, and the court will then discharge the jury and enter such judgment as the evidence warrants; or he may decline to present evidence and go to the jury upon the evidence which the Commonwealth has produced. The court cannot be required to entertain a motion to direct a verdict of acquittal until the conclusion of all the testimony: Com. v. George,
The judgments in these several appeals are affirmed and it is ordered that the defendants, respectively, appear in the court below at such time as they may be there called and that they be by that court committed until they have complied with the sentence or any part of it which had not been performed at the time the appeals were made a supersedeas.