422 Mass. 631 | Mass. | 1996
The defendant appeals from his conviction of murder in the first degree on the theories of deliberate premeditation and extreme atrocity or cruelty. He also appeals from his conviction of larceny of a motor vehicle. There was no error, and there is no basis for granting relief under G. L. c. 278, § 33E (1994 ed.).
The circumstances of the crimes are not crucial to the issues argued on appeal, only one of which trial counsel preserved for appellate review.
We summarize the basic facts. The jury would have been warranted in finding that on July 22, 1993, the defendant went to his estranged wife’s Arlington home where he struck her numerous times on the face and head with a blunt object
1. The defendant objected to the judge’s use of the words “moral certainty” and “moral evidence” in giving an instruction on proof beyond a reasonable doubt that was substantially based on language in Commonwealth v. Webster, 5 Cush. 295, 320 (1850). The language used by the judge satisfied constitutional requirements, both Federal (see Victor v. Nebraska, 114 S. Ct. 1239, 1245-1248 [1994]) and State (see Commonwealth v. Pinckney, 419 Mass. 341, 344-345 [1995]; Commonwealth v. Gagliardi, 418 Mass. 562, 571-572 [1994], cert. denied, 115 S. Ct. 753 [1995]). There was no error.
2. The defendant now objects to the absence of any jury instruction concerning the effect of his intoxication from alcohol on the question whether he killed the victim with extreme atrocity or cruelty. The defendant did not request such an instruction nor did he object at trial to the absence of such an instruction. We consider the issue pursuant to our duty under G. L. c. 278, § 33E, to determine whether there was a substantial likelihood of a miscarriage of justice.
It is true that, if there is evidence of a defendant’s intoxication, the jury should be told at least in general terms to consider it in determining whether the defendant acted with extreme atrocity or cruelty. See Commonwealth v. Perry, 385 Mass. 639, 649 (1982). The weakness in the defendant’s argument is that there was no evidence that he was under the influence of alcohol, or even had been drinking, when he killed his wife. Moreover, the judge did not foreclose consideration of intoxication, had there been evidence of it, because he told the jury that they should consider the defendant’s mental condition, including any impairment, in determining whether the defendant committed the murder with extreme atrocity or cruelty.
3. There was no error in the judge’s instruction on malice
4. We have considered the entire record and see no basis for granting relief pursuant to G. L. c. 278, § 33E.
Judgments affirmed.