261 Mass. 12 | Mass. | 1927
The defendants, Sacco and Vanzetti, who were indicted, tried, and convicted of murder in the first degree, alleged exceptions to rulings at the trial, as well as to the denial of numerous motions for new trial, on various grounds, and to rulings of law thereon which were overruled, and a rescript was sent accordingly on May 12, 1926. Commonwealth v. Sacco, 255 Mass. 369. The defendants, on May 25, 1926, filed a motion in the trial court for a new trial on the ground of newly discovered evidence, which was denied subject to the exception of the defendants duly entered and argued in this court. On April 5, 1927, these exceptions were overruled. Commonwealth v. Sacco, 259 Mass. 128. The argument for the defendants was full and exhaustive, covering every error claimed to have been committed either at the trial or in any subsequent proceedings, and it was decided as matter of law there was evidence which would warrant the jury in finding the defendants guilty. On April 9, 1927, sentence of death was imposed in accordance with G. L. c. 265, § 2. The defendants were delivered to the sheriff in execution of their sentence and an application for executive clemency was made under the provisions of c. 2, § 1, art. 8, of the Constitution of the Commonwealth. The application having been denied, the defendants, on August 6, 1927, filed a motion for a new trial on the ground of newly discovered evidence and for revocation of the sentence. At the hearing of the motion, the trial judge not only refused to rule as requested by the defendants, but denied the motion, and the defendants excepted, raising the questions presented by the record in the first of the cases at bar.
We now come to so much of this motion as asked for a revocation of sentence. The proceedings already referred to before the motion was filed when reviewed show no error of law and the cases were ripe for sentence or judgment. The jurisdiction of the trial court ended under St. 1922, c. 508, § 1, when the defendants were committed in execution. “An application for such a revision [motion for revision of sentence] is like a motion for a new trial.” Commonwealth v. Lobel, 187 Mass. 288, 289. The defendants, therefore, have failed to show error. The judicial conduct of the trial judge in hearing and deciding the motion based on his own alleged bias or prejudice, although urged in argument by counsel for the defendants, need not be discussed because, as we have just said, neither the judge nor any of his associates had jurisdiction to entertain the motion.
The second case is a petition for a writ of error filed in this court August 6, 1927. It was heard and denied, subject to the petitioners’ exception, by a single justice on the petition which contained the following assignments of error:
“1. It appears from the affidavits filed and made a part of the record of said cause in the Superior Court that the Honorable Webster Thayer, the justice of said Court who presided over the trial of said cause and who subsequently passed upon various motions with respect thereto was so prejudiced against your petitioners and their counsel from the time of the beginning of said trial to and throughout the
“2. It appears from the record of the proceedings, including the substance of all the material evidence offered at the trial that the finding of the jury was plainly wrong.
“3. It appears from the record of the proceedings, including the affidavits filed in support of the several motions for a new trial, that the findings of fact made by the presiding judge in passing upon the petitioners’ several motions for new trial are plainly wrong.”
It is provided by G. L. c. 250, § 11, (and see amendments in St. 1925, c. 279, § 3 and St. 1926, c. 329, § 7) that in capital cases a writ of error shall not issue unless allowed by a justice of this court after notice given to the Attorney General or other attorney for the Commonwealth. The wording of the statute is clear and must be construed as meaning that the issuance of a writ of error in a capital case rests in the sound judicial discretion of the single justice to whom the application is presented. If we were to decide otherwise, the plain intention of the Legislature to discourage and prevent unnecessary delay would be defeated. This appears in note 16 of the draft revision of chapter 112 on the proposed revised statutes, on page 224 in the report of the commissioners to revise the “general statutes” of the Commonwealth in 1834. Our system of criminal procedure in capital cases makes ample provision for the protection of the rights of those who are charged with the commis
The case of Hall v. Thayer, 105 Mass. 219, and kindred cases which depend on statutes expressly limiting the jurisdiction of the court, are distinguishable. It is not contended by the petitioners that the single justice abused his powers or that his action was arbitrary and unjustifiable. The petition was rightly denied.
The third and last case is a petition filed August 16, 1927, addressed to the full court for a writ of error coram nobis. Prior to the enactment of .the Revised Statutes, our-statutes, referring to writs of error, made no change in the mode of procedure at common law. St. 1782, c. 9. St. 1805, c. 35. St. 1821, c. 79, § 6. St. 1832, c. 130, § 5. Storer v. White, 7 Mass. 448, 449. But by Rev. Sts. c. 112, §§ 16, 17, in so far as here material, it was provided that a writ of error in a capital case shall not issue unless granted by a single justice of this court, and this provision has remained unchanged. Gen. Sts. c. 146, §§ 13,14. Pub. Sts.c. 187, §§ 10-12. R. L. c. 193, § 11. G. L. c. 250, § 11. A period of ninety-one years has elapsed since the original statute was enacted in 1836, during which time it has been uniformly followed. See Webster v. Commonwealth, 5 Cush. 286.
We are of opinion that the writ of error coram nobis at common law has become obsolete in view of the express purpose of the Legislature as manifested by the statute. Commonwealth v. Rollins, 242 Mass. 427, 430, 431.
We have considered all questions presented by the defendants in so far as they are pertinent, and the result is, in the first and second cases the exceptions are overruled, while in the third case the petition is dismissed.
So ordered.