83 Pa. Super. 166 | Pa. Super. Ct. | 1924
Argued March 12, 1924. The appellants have filed eleven assignments of error. None of them warrants a reversal. Many of them do not call for extended consideration.
First assignment. The defendants were indicted for feloniously (1) buying, and (2) receiving goods, to wit, silk of the value of $7,000, the property of the Sussex Print Works, a corporation, knowing the same to have been stolen or feloniously taken, contrary to the form of the act of the general assembly in such cases made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. This charged the crime substantially in the language of the act of assembly prohibiting it and was a compliance with the provisions of section 11 of the Act of March 31, 1860, P.L. 427. It was not necessary to set forth in the indictment a particular reference to the act on which it was based. Nor, in the circumstances here present, does it make any difference that there are two acts of assembly to which it might be referred. The Act of April 23, 1909, P.L. 159, was passed to remove "from discussion the question whether an indictment could be sustained in this State for receiving goods stolen in another state and brought into Pennsylvania": Com. v. Ochman *168
Bernstein,
Second assignment. Defendants were not entitled to a bill of particulars as of right. Such an application is an appeal to the sound discretion of the court: Com. v. Shoener,
Fourth assignment. One week before the day set for trial defendants asked the court for a rule to take the deposition of Antonio Turko, a prisoner under sentence of death in New Jersey for murder committed at the time the silk in question was stolen. The rule was immediately granted. That the defendants delayed so long in presenting their motion that it was impossible to comply with the formalities necessary to secure such deposition was not the fault of the Commonwealth or chargeable to the court. In the circumstances we find no abuse of discretion on the part of the lower court in refusing a continuance on that ground: Com. v. Buccieri, supra, p. 545. There is no assurance that the witness would have testified favorably to the defendants. In any event, the matter is now academic for Turko has since paid the penalty for his crime.
Fifth assignment. As respects this assignment, counsel have unwittingly let their zeal carry them beyond what the record warrants. The evidence fails to show any testimony that officers having custody of material witnesses for the Commonwealth coached such witnesses as to how they were to testify or instructed them as to the identification of the defendants. It discloses no more than that the chief of police called to the attention of three witnesses, who were serving terms in prison in *170 New Jersey for their connection with the affair, that the bigger of the two defendants was reclining in his chair to make himself look smaller, while the smaller one was sitting up straight. The court permitted this evidence, such as it was, to be given the jury. It certainly furnished no ground for a new trial.
None of the other assignments, except the sixth, merits special consideration. A witness can always be interrogated as to whether he has any prejudice or feeling against a prisoner. This was not done, but for the purpose of disclosing such bias as to impair their credibility, it was proposed to ask a witness for the defense whether two of the Commonwealth's witnesses, who were in charge of the silk when the attack was made on the truck containing it, had not brought civil actions in trespass against defendants. This was clearly improper and inadmissible. No error was committed in allowing in evidence the samples of the silk alleged to have been stolen. That the stolen silk had been destroyed and was not produced did not render the samples inadmissible as evidence. No harm was done the defendants by the court's insisting that one of their witnesses be withdrawn until an interpreter was secured. The court was fully justified in its action and its remarks in that connection were not improper or prejudicial to defendants.
Sixth assignment. The court did not specially instruct the jury that they might convict either of the defendants and acquit the other. Undoubtedly, the court would have so charged the jury had the matter been called to its attention, for a fair reading of the charge as a whole shows that the jury were not bound to return the same verdict as to both defendants. But the evidence of the Commonwealth as a whole was such as to implicate both defendants jointly in the crime. If the witnesses for the defense were to be believed, neither of the defendants was guilty; on the other hand, if the testimony of the Commonwealth's witnesses was accepted both were concerned in the transaction as joint *171
wrongdoers. Of course, the jury had the right, notwithstanding the testimony connected them as jointly involved, to convict either one and acquit the other, but, at the time, it probably occurred to no one, either counsel or the court, that such a course was at all probable, for it would have been flatly opposed to the evidence. When the trial judge concluded his charge he specially asked if there was any thing further desired by way of instructions to the jury, to which neither counsel responded; and no reference was made to the matter in the reasons for a new trial filed six days after verdict. On the other hand, if counsel had the matter in mind at the trial and, notwithstanding the judge's inquiry, purposely refrained from bringing it to the court's attention, intending to use it by way of appeal, — a thing we are confident such eminent counsel would not consider, — they are in no position to take advantage of this action: Com. v. Pava,
The nearest analogy that now comes to our mind is the right of the jury on a trial for murder to convict the defendant of voluntary manslaughter. No matter how strongly the evidence points to wilful and premeditated murder, the jury may nevertheless bring in a verdict of voluntary manslaughter. Yet this right attaching to the jury does not make it absolutely incumbent on the court in a murder case, in all circumstances and whatever the evidence presented, to charge the jury as to manslaughter: Com. v. Johnson, supra, p. 43; Com. v. Crossmire,
We are satisfied that the defendants had a fair trial and that their conviction was just.
The assignments of error are all overruled and the judgments are affirmed; and it is ordered that the defendants severally appear in the court below at such time as they may be there called and that they be by that court committed until they have complied with their respective sentences or any part thereof which had not been performed at the time the several orders of supersedeas were entered in these appeals. *173