584 A.2d 1075 | Pa. Commw. Ct. | 1990
Lead Opinion
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation (Department) has appealed from an order of the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County sustaining the driver’s license suspension appeal of Robert S. Pestock.
At the de novo hearing on Pestock’s appeal, the Department introduced the testimony of three Pittsburgh police officers who were involved in Pestock’s arrest and subsequent intoxilizer testing on October 22, 1989. Pestock offered no testimony on his own behalf. The Department’s witnesses described the sequence of events on that date as follows.
Officer David Trautman testified that he came upon an accident on East Ohio Street in Pittsburgh. Two vehicles were at the scene, which Officer Trautman described as a Buick Skylark belonging to Pestock and a Dodge sedan belonging to a Mr. Bradford. He stated that there were no other occupants in Pestock’s vehicle. When the officer arrived, he found Mr. Pestock and Mr. Bradford arguing loudly with a lot of yelling and pushing. He attempted to break up the fight. Pestock originally backed away but then jumped back toward Bradford, yelling and screaming. Officer Trautman physically restrained him and noticed he had a strong smell of beer on his breath. Further, Pestock’s eyes were glassy, his speech was slurred and he was unstable on his feet and combative. Officer Trautman placed Pestock under arrest for driving while intoxicated and transported him to the police station for a breath test. Officer Trautman was assisted at the scene by Officer Yvonne Overholt, who corroborated much of his testimony.
On appeal to common pleas court, Pestock argued: 1) that Officer Trautman did not have reasonable grounds to believe that he had been driving under the influence of alcohol because Pestock was not behind the wheel of his car when the officers arrived on the scene; 2) that the Department failed to produce evidence to establish that the intoxilizer machine was in working order; and 3) that the two readings obtained were within .02 of each other and therefore could be used for prosecution. Although the trial court judge did find that Pestock provided two deficient samples, he did not otherwise make specific findings of fact. He concluded that “taken together, Defendant’s arguments are compelling,” trial court opinion at 1, and sustained the appeal. The Department’s appeal to this Court followed.
In a driver’s license suspension appeal arising under Section 1547(b)(2) of the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa. C.S. § 1547(b)(2), in order to establish a prima facie case, the Department must prove: 1) that the defendant was placed
The Department first argues that the trial court erred in concluding that Officer Trautman did not have reasonable grounds to believe that Pestock was driving while intoxicated. We must agree. In Polinsky v. Department of Transportation, 131 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 83, 569 A.2d 425 (1990), we reiterated that the test for determining whether an arresting officer had reasonable grounds to believe a person was operating a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol is whether a reasonable person in the officer’s position, viewing the facts and circumstances as they appeared to the officer at the time, could have reached such a conclusion. Further, we have held that it is not necessary that the arresting officer actually see the person operating the vehicle. See, e.g., Keane v. Department of Transportation, 127 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 220, 561 A.2d 359 (1989); Haklits v. Commonwealth, 44 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 198, 418 A.2d 772 (1979).
Here, Officer Trautman testified that he arrived at the scene of an accident to find Pestock and Bradford loudly arguing. He testified without objection that the two damaged vehicles belonged to Pestock and Bradford and
The Department’s second argument addresses the latter two grounds for the trial court’s order: that it presented no evidence to establish that the intoxilizer machine was working properly and that there was no refusal because two breath test results were obtained which were within .02 of each other.
With respect to the accuracy of the machine, we note that Officer Jones testified, without objection, that the “[mjachine ran through a sequence of internal checks ... was calibrated and proven to be correct to proceed with the test.” Notes of Testimony at 22. Pestock seems to be arguing that documentary evidence is required. However, we can find no such requirement and, in any event, must conclude that Pestock has waived argument on this point by having failed to object to the testimony.
The Department’s regulations set forth in 67 Pa. Code § 77.24 establish the procedures to be used for breath tests. Subsection (b) of that section provides, in relevant part:
(b) ... The procedures for alcohol breath testing shall include, at a minimum:
(1) Two consecutive actual breath tests, without a required waiting period between the two tests.
(2) ... The lower of the two actual breath test results will be the result used for prosecution. The test results will be disregarded ... if one of the following occurs:
*700 (i) If the difference between the results of the two alcohol tests is .02 or more____
Although the regulation does not address the situation of deficient samples (which, in this instance, happen to be within .02 of each other), we must conclude that such samples do not constitute “actual breath tests.” An “alcohol breath test” is defined in 67 Pa.Code § 77.22 as “chemical testing of a sample of a person’s expired breath ... in order to determine the concentration of alcohol in the person’s blood.” In this instance, the machine itself signaled the operator that a deficient sample was obtained, an indication that the true concentration of alcohol could not be determined. Further, the officer testified that Pestock did not follow his instructions and that he continually allowed air to escape around the sides of the machine’s mouthpiece, rather than closing his mouth tightly around the mouthpiece as directed. We have held that such conduct evidences less than a total conscious effort and is tantamount to a refusal to take the test. Budd Appeal, 65 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 314, 442 A.2d 404 (1982).
The Department in this case clearly met its burden of making out a prima facie case. Having done so, the burden shifted to Pestock to prove that his refusal was not knowing or conscious or that he was physically unable to take the test. Waigand v. Commonwealth, 68 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 541, 449 A.2d 862 (1982). Because Pestock failed to present any evidence whatsoever, it was error for the trial court to have concluded that he met this burden.
Accordingly, we reverse the order appealed from and reinstate the suspension.
ORDER
AND NOW, this 18th day of December, 1990, the order of the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County in the above-captioned matter is hereby reversed and the suspension is reinstated.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
I respectfully dissent. This case is yet another example of how Section 1547 of the Pennsylvania Motor Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § 1547, commonly referred to as the Implied Consent Law, confuses and combines the criminal aspects of a DUI investigation with the civil suspension of operating privileges for refusing to take a breath test. Although we have held that the Implied Consent Law is not penal in nature and that the suspension proceeding for refusing to take a breathalyzer test is an independent civil proceeding which is separate and distinct from any criminal charges brought against a motorist,
In O’Connell,
To constitute a breath test under the Department’s regulation for administration of chemical testing,
Once a valid chemical test has been provided, the results may be used in a Section 3731 DUI proceeding. Section 3731 provides as follows:
(a) Offense defined. — A person shall not drive, operate or be in actual physical control of the movement of any vehicle while:
(4) the amount of alcohol by weight in the blood of the person is 0.10% or greater.
(e) Penalty.—
(1) Any person violating any of the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree____
In this case, Pestock cooperated with the police by providing two breath samples after he was arrested for DUI.
As stated above, the purpose of Section 1547 is to obtain evidence for a DUI conviction by finding that a motorist’s blood alcohol content is .10% or greater. The printouts in question indicated that the values printed, both of which exceeded .10%, were the “highest obtained.” Had air not escaped from the sides of the mouthpiece, the values printed would have been even higher.
It would be patently unfair to suspend Pestock’s operating privileges based on refusal after he satisfied Bonise and provided samples sufficient to sustain a DUI conviction. In addition, the majority’s holding would unnecessarily restrict our holding in Bonise, exceed the evidentiary purpose of Section 1547, and add to the confusion between the criminal and civil aspects of DUI proceedings by condoning the search for evidence not required to support a conviction.
I would hold that once two readings of .10% or greater are obtained, the purpose of the statute being satisfied for a DUI conviction, there cannot be a refusal.
. Hando v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 84 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 63, 478 A.2d 932 (1984).
. 75 Pa. C.S. § 3731.
. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. O’Connell, 521 Pa. 242, 555 A.2d 873 (1989).
. 67 Pa.Code § 77.24.
. Budd Appeal, cited by the majority, is distinguishable from this case because in that case two readings were not obtained.