11 Mass. App. Ct. 981 | Mass. App. Ct. | 1981
The defendant appeals from his conviction on an indictment charging rape. G. L. c. 265, § 22. The defendant claimed that the victim had consented to his advances. There was no error.
1. The judge gave a proper charge on rape and on consent. As there was no request for an instruction on reasonable mistake of fact or an objection to its omission, the issue is not properly before us (Commonwealth v. Freeman, 352 Mass. 556, 561-564 [1967]), and we perceive no risk of a miscarriage of justice.
2. The defendant properly does not argue error in the admission of evidence of his prior convictions (Commonwealth v. Diaz, 383 Mass. 73, 75-82 [1981]) but claims that the judge erred in deferring his limiting instructions to his charge. It was within the judge’s discretion to do so. Commonwealth v. Ferguson, 365 Mass. 1, 11 (1974). Commonwealth v. Conceicao, 10 Mass. App. Ct. 613 (1980). The limiting instruction, as given, at one point used the no longer approved word “presumed,” but the word was preceded and modified in context by the words “may be.” See Sandstrom v. Montana, 442 U.S. 510, 517 (1979). (The present case was tried prior to the decision in Sandstrom.) Compare Commonwealth v. Medina, 380 Mass. 565, 577-578 (1980); Commonwealth v. Hughes, 380 Mass. 596, 602 (1980); Commonwealth v. Fitzgerald, 380 Mass. 840, 845 (1980). The charge plainly limited the use of the evidence to the defendant’s credibility and left it to the jury to make their own determination of the value of the evidence. Compare Hughes, supra at 602-603.
3. The defendant had left the State for three months with knowledge that his trial was coming up and was defaulted in his absence. The judge properly left it to the jury to decide whether in those circumstances an inference of consciousness of guilt was justified. Commonwealth v. Hogan, 375 Mass. 406, 408-409 (1978). See also Commonwealth v. Haney, 358 Mass. 304, 306 (1970). The instruction would have benefited from the omission of a quotation from Proverbs 28:1. Nonetheless, the judge informed the jury that no inference need be drawn from the defendant’s departure, as the innocent as well as the guilty may flee. The judge also went so far as to inform the jury twice that they had to be satisfied beyond
4. The victim’s testimony in which she repeated her statement (“He’s going to kill me”), made at the scene to one of the defendant’s companions while the defendant was not within earshot, was properly admitted as evidence of her state of mind. Commonwealth v. Fiore, 364 Mass. 819, 824 (1974). See Commonwealth v. Dies, 248 Mass. 482, 489 (1924). The statement would also have been admissible as a spontaneous utterance. Commonwealth v. Boyajian, 344 Mass. 44, 47 (1962). Commonwealth v. McLaughlin, 364 Mass. 211, 223 (1973).
5. The defendant’s claim of error in the exclusion of his question concerning the victim’s treatment for a psychiatric disorder is without merit, as we note from the following page of the transcript that the question, in somewhat different form, was asked and answered. Commonwealth v. Hersey, 324 Mass. 196, 202-203 (1949), overruled on other grounds, Commonwealth v. Niziolek, 380 Mass. 513, 531 n.7 (1980). Commonwealth v. Crutchfield, 6 Mass. App. Ct. 923 (1978).
Judgment affirmed.