220 Mass. 55 | Mass. | 1914
This bill in equity is brought by the Attorney General in the name of the Commonwealth under St. 1908, c. 454, § 2.
The first section of that act reads as follows: “Every contract, agreement, arrangement or combination in violation of the common law in that thereby a monopoly in the manufacture, production or sale in this Commonwealth of any article or commodity in common use is or may be created, established or maintained, or in that thereby competition in this State in the supply or price of any such article or commodity is or may be restrained or prevented, or in that thereby, for the purpose of creating, establishing or maintaining a monopoly within this State of the manufacture, production or sale of any such article or commodity, the free pursuit in this State of any lawful business, trade or occupation is or may be restrained or prevented, is hereby declared to be against public policy, illegal and void.” The Sts. of 1911, c. 503, 1912, c. 651, and 1913, c. 709, passed apparently with reference to the same subject matter are not material upon the questions here presented.
It will be well to look at the scope and object of this act before considering its effect upon the facts of this case. The act forbids, and gives a specific remedy against, not every agreement, arrangement, or combination which involves a violation of the common law, but only those particular agreements, arrangements and combinations which violate that law in three stated respects: first, that they create, establish or maintain a monopoly in the manufacture, production or sale in this Commonwealth of any article or commodity in common use; secondly, that thereby competition in this Commonwealth in the supply or price of any such article or commodity is or may be restrained or prevented; thirdly, that for the purpose of creating, establishing or maintaining a monopoly, such as has been stated, the free pursuit in this Commonwealth of any lawful business, trade or occupation is or may be restrained or prevented. All other acts, agreements or combinations, tending toward the restraint of trade or the practical control of any business or occupation, are left to be dealt with under the remedies afforded by the common law. It is only to restrain the doing of acts forbidden or declared illegal by the statute itself that the remedy given by its second section
Careful and complete findings of fact have been made by the judge who heard this case. They need not be repeated in detail. But in our opinion it appears from those findings that what has been done by the defendants does not come within the first class of the acts forbidden by the statute. What they have done is in substance to do away with the useless and expensive competition that had existed among themselves in the delivery of ice. Those of the defendants who before April, 1913, were engaged in the gathering, storing and selling of ice have agreed to dispose of their plant for the delivery of ice to their customers and to sell their ice to the Delivery Company (as the defendant first named in the bill will hereafter be called), which company in its turn maintains the necessary wagons and plant, for the delivery of the ice to the consumers thereof. These agreements have been carried out, and in this way the useless multiplication of delivery wagons has ceased to be needed, and an expense which was largely a mere waste of time, energy and money has been saved to the defendants. But it cannot be said that by this means a monopoly of either gathering, storing, selling or delivering ice has been created or maintained. It has been found that there are waters which may be used for the obtaining of ice in and near to this territory readily available as a source of supply to any one wishing to go into the business. There is apparently no difficulty in gathering and storing ice in whatever quantities may be necessary. The same thing is true as to its delivery, upon the findings that have been made. There were before the action of the defendants other independent ice dealers or pedlers engaged in the sale and delivery of ice in the territory supplied by the defendants. Since that time, some of these dealers have increased the number of delivery teams operated by them, and several new dealers have entered into the business, all in competition with the Delivery Company. Thus it appears that there has not been created or maintained any monopoly in the sale or delivery of ice in this territory. Nor do we see how it can be said that the acts of the defendants in eliminating one part of a useless and expensive competition among themselves can have, as matter of law, any
F.or like reasons, upon the facts found, we cannot say that the defendants’ acts have been such that thereby competition in the supply or the price of ice is or may be restrained or prevented. The supply of ice is practically unlimited in this vicinity; the price has not been increased since the arrangements of the defendants were made. Although competition between most of the defendants in one branch of their business at least has been eliminated, what they have done is far from destroying or tending to destroy competition with them by other dealers. It is expressly found that the effect of the formation of the Delivery Company has not been such as to prevent or preclude other persons from entering into the ice business. Indeed, as we have seen, the competition of other dealers, instead of being diminished, has been increased since that formation.
As to the third class of conduct inhibited by the statute, it is manifest that nothing which the defendants have done has restrained or prevented any person from the lawful pursuit of the business of gathering, storing, selling or delivering ice in Lynn or its neighborhood, or tended toward such restraint or prevention, nor did the defendants intend to bring about such a result. This has been found almost in terms.
The Attorney General has not contended that the findings made were not warranted by the evidence. But he has contended strongly that upon some of those findings the bill can be maintained. It has been found that the Delivery Company has the power to advance temporarily the price of ice in Lynn and Nahant; that though the effect of the formation of the Delivery Company has not been and was not intended to be to prevent other
We have considered carefully all the arguments which have been addressed to us, and, although we have cited none of them, we have examined all the decisions to which our attention has been called. Each case must depend upon its own circumstances. The facts proved in this case do not come within the purview of our statute; and accordingly we are clearly of opinion that the decree dismissing the bill must be affirmed.
So ordered.