Lead Opinion
On August 29, 1995, a jury found appellant Peter George Luktisch guilty of rape and statutory rape. These convictions stem from an incident with his step-daughter, D.G., who was eleven years old at the time. This meritless appeal follows the imposition of an eighty-two month to twenty year prison sentence.
Initially, Luktisch alleges that the trial court erred in allowing T.L. (D.G.’s step-sister and Luktisch’s natural daughter) to testify concerning sexual abuse Luktisch had also inflicted upon her. T.L., who was twenty-nine years old at the time of trial, testified that Luktisch “started touching her improperly when she was 5 and that between the ages of 5 and 8 he started having oral sex with her, and at age 8 [Luktisch] started having sexual intercourse with her.” Opinion, 12/28/95 at 7. When T.L. was ten years old, sometime in 1976 or 1977, her mother moved her away from appellant and the sexual assaults ended. Id.
First, Luktisch contends that “the uncharged acts committed on [T.L.] were too remote from the charged crime to be properly admitted into evidence under the common scheme, plan, design or course of conduct exception to the general rule that evidence of uncharged acts is inadmissible against a defendant.” Appellant’s brief at 9. We disagree. Admittedly, the atrocities committed upon T.L. occurred fourteen years prior to those committed upon D.G. Focusing solely upon this time lapse, however, is improper. At trial, C.G. (D.G.’s natural sister and Luktisch’s step-daughter) testified that she, too, had been victimized by appellant. C.G., who was twenty-one years old at the time of trial, testified that in 1982, when she was eight or nine years old, Luktisch started touching her breasts and vagina. This contact progressed to oral sex and, finally, when she was eleven years old, Luktisch began engaging her in sexual intercourse. This abhorrent contact continued until 1990, when C.G. moved away from appellant. Thus, at most, six years elapsed between the time Luktisch’s assaults on T.L. ended and the time he turned his depraved intentions upon C.G. This is the time period we must focus
Our Supreme Court has recently stated that “[w]hile remoteness in time is a factor to be considered in determining the probative value of other crimes evidence under [the theory of common scheme, plan or design], the importance of the time period is inversely proportional to the similarity of the crimes in question.” Commonwealth v. Miller,
The acts committed upon [D.G.], [C.G.], and [T.L.] were strikingly similar. The three victims were near the same age when [Luktiseh] molested them; they all had the relationship of daughter or step-daughter to [Luktiseh]; all three were living with [Luktiseh] when the acts occurred; and the nature of the acts were almost identical. The progression of the acts performed on each victim was similar; improper touching first, then oral sex, then sexual intercourse. It is true that [D.G.] only made passing references to acts performed upon her by the [appellant] other than the singular act of sexual intercourse for which the [appellant] was charged and convicted, but [C.G.] and [T.L.] gave descriptions of how [Luktisch’s] molesting them had progressed. Certainly what [D.G.] did describe fits squarely into the overall common scheme and course of conduct as it progressed from [T.L.], to [C.G.], to [D.G.].
Opinion, 12/28/95 at 9-10. Since the pattern of molestation committed upon his young victims was so distinct, especially concerning T.L and C.G., we cannot find that the six-year layoff between the victimization of T.L. and C.G. was excessive as to render T.L.’s testimony overly prejudicial. See Miller,
Next, Luktisch contends that the trial court should not have allowed T.L. to testify because, in doing so, the trial court reversed its own previous ruling. Prior to trial, the trial court ruled that since C.G.’s testimony alone would establish a common plan, scheme or design, T.L.’s testimony would have been cumulative and, thus, its prejudicial effect outweighed its probative value. At trial, however, the credibility of D.G. and C.G. was severely undermined when it was revealed that their mother had threatened to “get her daughters to swear that [their former landlord] had molested them” if the landlord attempted to prosecute them for back rent. When the believability of C.G. and D.G. became crippled, the Commonwealth’s need to present T.L.’s evidence under the common plan exception became inflated. At that point, the trial court did not err in determining that T.L.’s testimony was more probative than prejudicial, and, therefore, it was entirely proper to allow T.L. to testify. See generally Commonwealth v. Frank,
Next, Luktisch alleges that the Commonwealth failed to establish the date of D.G.’s rape with reasonable specificity;
[w]hen a young child is a victim of crime, it is often impossible to ascertain the exact date when the crime occurred. He or she may only have a vague sense of the days of the week, the months of the year, and the year itself. If such children are to be protected by the criminal justice system, a certain degree of imprecision concerning times and dates must be tolerated.
the Commonwealth must be allowed a reasonable measure of flexibility when faced with the special difficulties involved in ascertaining the date of an assault upon a young child. On the other hand, in order to ensure a fair trial for the defendant, the Commonwealth should conduct a thorough examination and come forward with any evidence which indicates when the alleged crime is most likely to have taken place.
Id. at 360-62,
In the case at hand, D.G. testified that Luktisch raped her when she was eleven years old, in either 1990 or 1991. N.T., 8/29/95 at 71. Moreover, she stated that the season was either spring or fall. Id. at 72. Further, she testified that, during the summer, she described the incident to Glenn Holabaugh, who was the family’s landlord at the time. Id. at 78. Finally, Holabaugh testified that, sometime during the summer of 1990, D.G. revealed to him that Luktisch had been molesting her. Id. at 121.
Reading the testimony of D.G. and Holabaugh together, it becomes clear that Luktisch raped the child during the spring
Lastly, Luktisch alleges that the trial court erred in failing to grant a continuance due to excessive heat and noise in the court room. It is settled that “[t]he trial court has discretion over a request for continuance and a denial of such a request will not be reversed absent a showing of palpable and manifest abuse of the court’s discretion.” Commonwealth v. Ah Thank Lee,
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Notes
. We note that Luktisch also claims that he was overly prejudiced when T.L. testified that she had previously reported her molestation in order to prevent Luktisch from perpetrating the same crimes against her half-sister, A.L. This bald allegation of reversible error is not included in Luktisch's statement of questions presented for review, nor has appellant developed any argument or even cited to any relevant authority in support of this contention. As such, we deem this issue waived. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119; Olmo v. Matos,
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
I must dissent from that portion of the Majority’s Opinion that upholds the trial court’s decision to allow T.L.’s testimony of events that occurred 18 years previously. I conclude that the initial decision of the trial court to exclude this testimony was correct. Subsequent credibility challenges to other witnesses should not affect that decision.