510 A.2d 832 | Pa. Commw. Ct. | 1986
Opinion by
Presently before this Court is a Motion for Summary Judgment filed by the Department of Transportation
Defendants own a piece of real property in Chester County which abuts a state highway, Traffic Route 352. Defendants use and maintain on their property a driveway which opens onto Route 352 and provides access from Defendants’ home to the highway. An embankment and a hillcrest on the right (north) side of the driveway restrict the sight distance to the right for motorists exiting from the driveway onto Route 352.
According to a formula specified in 67 Pa. Code §441.8(h), the minimum acceptable sight distance at the intersection of Route 352 and Defendants’ driveway is 414 feet. For vehicles turning left from the driveway onto Route 352, however, the sight distance to the right is only 325 feet. Additionally, if a vehicle is waiting to make a left turn onto the driveway from Route 352, the sight distance for vehicles approaching the waiting vehicle from behind is only 250 feet. Because of the restricted sight distance at the junction of Defendants’ driveway and Route 352, the Department is requesting injunctive relief compelling Defendants to post and maintain “No Left Turn” signs prohibiting left turns both into and out of their driveway.
In the case at bar, the Department avers that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that Defendants may be compelled to undertake the requested actions by virtue of Department regulations duly promulgated under Section 420 of the State Highway Law.
Defendants, on the other hand, contend that the Departments regulations are not applicable to their driveway, because construction of the driveway predates the effective date of the regulations by over thirty years, and the regulations cannot be applied retroactively to such a property unless they expressly provide that they have retroactive effect.
We determine that no issue of material fact is presented in the instant case,
[T]he public authorities have the undoubted right to regulate the manner of the use of driveways by adopting such rules and regulations, in the interest of public safety, as will accord some measure of access and yet permit public travel with a minimum of danger. The rules and*125 regulations must be reasonable, striking a balance between the public and the private interest. The abutter cannot make a business of his right of access in derogation of the rights of the traveling public. He is entitled to make only such use of his right of access as is consonant with traffic conditions and police requirements that are reasonable and uniform.
Wolf v. Department of Highways, 422 Pa. 34, 40, 220 A.2d 868, 871, (1966).
Clearly, the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commonwealth may be applied retroactively, because “persons hold their property subject to valid police regulation, made, and to be made, for the health and comfort of the people.” Commonwealth v. Barnes & Tucker Company, 472 Pa. 115, 123, 371 A.2d 461, 465 (1977), appeal dismissed, 434 U.S. 807 (1977) (emphasis added). Accordingly, the fact that a property’s present dangerous condition arises only from past activities does not affect the appropriateness of invoking the police power to dispel that immediately dangerous condition. Id. at 126, 371 A.2d at 467.
Addressing the question of whether the regulations at issue here do in fact allow the Department to restrict access from and to Defendants’ driveway, we are mindful that, “if a regulation of an administrative agency is consistent with the statute under which it is promulgated, the agency’s interpretation of that regulation is entitled to controlling weight except where the interpretation is clearly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation.” Centennial School District v. Department of Education, 94 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 530, 539, 503 A.2d 1090, 1095 (1986). Our review of the Department’s regulations persuades us that the Department’s interpretation of them is not erroneous and is clearly consistent with their stated purpose, which is to establish in
Finally, we note that the evidence of record indicates that the Departments proposed restrictions concerning Defendants’ driveway are reasonable, in that they constitute a simple, efficient and economical means of remedying what the parties agree is a hazardous condition. Although the restrictions may cause Defendants some inconvenience, the record shows that such inconvenience is relatively minor and certainly does not rise to a level that would render the Department’s regulatory action unreasonable. Furthermore, since the dangerous condition in Traffic Route 352 is caused by the presence of Defendants’ driveway, we conclude that it is not unreasonable for the Department to require that Defendants obtain a permit and post the “No Left Turn” signs at their own expense.
Accordingly, the Department’s motion for summary judgment is hereby granted, and the Defendants’ cross-motion for summary judgment is hereby denied.
Order
And Now, May 6, 1986, Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment in the above-captioned matter is granted; and Defendant’s Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment in the above-captioned matter is denied.
“Sight distance” or “stopping sight distance”, as defined in 67 Pa. Code §441.1, is the distance required by a driver traveling at a given speed to stop the vehicle after an object on the roadway becomes visible to the driver.
In its early pleadings, the Department also requested that Defendants be required to regrade the embankments near their
Act of June 1, 1945, P.L. 1242, as amended, 36 P.S. §670-420. This Section provides, in pertinent part, that:
The secretary is empowered to make reasonable rules and regulations governing the use of all State highways, and by the construction of curbs, divisor strips, painted lines or signs may control the direction of the flow of traffic thereon.
Defendants admit that there is no issue of material feet concerning the question of whether the Departments regulations may compel Defendants to post and maintain “No Left Turn” signs to be located within the Commonwealths right-of-way next to Defendants’ driveway. Defendants contend, however, that an issue of feet is present regarding the location of the embankments complained of by the Department. We note in passing that this issue is moot, because the Department has dropped its demand that Defendants regrade the embankments.