89 Pa. Super. 238 | Pa. Super. Ct. | 1926
Argued November 16, 1926. The defendant was convicted in the court below upon an indictment charging the unlawful manufacture and possession of intoxicating liquor for beverage purposes. The defendant, having been arrested and given bail to answer the charge, presented a petition to the court below averring that certain property, consisting of 2 ten-gallon stills, one coil and 25 gallons of moonshine whiskey, which was in the hands of the officers of the Commonwealth, had been seized by the state police officers in his private dwelling under a search warrant which was illegal, for the reason that at the time of making the complaint for the search warrant, the officer who made the complaint and those associated with him were not acquainted with the defendant, did not know where his dwelling was, had made no observation of the same and had no knowledge, of the character of the persons frequenting said premises; that all the information which these officers had was hearsay and came to them from persons with whom they were not acquainted and of whose credibility they had no knowledge; and that the making of the complaint for the search warrant, the issuing of the search warrant and its execution were in violation of the constitutional rights of the defendant. The petition prayed that the evidence *240 obtained by the use of the alleged unlawful search warrant be suppressed; and that the officers making the said search be enjoined from making any use whatever of the information which they obtained by virtue of the unlawful search. The court granted a rule to show cause why the prayer of the petitioner should not be granted, to which rule the district attorney filed an answer stating that he did not know whether the officer who made the complaint had personal knowledge of the facts in the complaint stated, and averred that the allegation of defendant's petition was immaterial upon the inquiry as to whether the defendant was entitled to have the evidence suppressed. The court after a hearing discharged the rule, which action is the subject of the first assignment of error. Upon the trial the Commonwealth offered to prove that the property, consisting of the stills and the whiskey, was found in the possession of the defendant in his dwelling; an objection by the defendant to this offer upon the ground that the search and seizure was under an illegal warrant was overruled and the evidence admitted, which ruling is the foundation of the second assignment of error.
The officer who made the sworn complaint upon which the search warrant issued had in the complaint stated: "that there is probable cause to believe, and that he has just and reasonable grounds for believing, and does believe, etc.," but the affiant did not rest with the mere statement above referred to, but set forth: "That he has been informed by credible persons that they have bought from the defendant intoxicating liquor at the place above described and from his own observation he is satisfied that there is probable cause to believe that the premises are being used as above set forth, etc." We held, in an opinion by our brother KELLER, Commonwealth v. Schwartz,
Irrespective of the legality of the search warrant, the goods seized were contraband and forfeited to the Commonwealth, and the defendant, as against the Commonwealth, could have no property in them, or right to their possession and use in violation of law. The Act concerning alcoholic liquors, approved March 27, 1923, P.L. 34, is a valid exercise of the police power. That statute absolutely prohibited the possession by the defendant of the moonshine whiskey and the still and other implements, through the instrumentality of which it was manufactured. When a valid exercise of the police power renders possession of the property by the accused unlawful and provides that it may be taken and forfeited to the Commonwealth, it ought not to be returned to the defendant, and the court will not suspend the conduct of a trial to enter into a collateral inquiry as to the means through which the evidence came into the possession of the officers of the Commonwealth. If a wrong was done the owner, his remedy is in a different forum: Commonwealth v. Vigliotti,
The judgment is affirmed and the record remitted to the court below; and it is, ordered that the defendant appear in the court below at such time as he may be there called and that he be by that court committed until he has complied with the sentence or any part of it which had not been performed at the time the appeal in this case was made a supersedeas.