91 Ky. 162 | Ky. Ct. App. | 1891
delivered the opinion of the court.
The appellee was indicted in the Perry Circuit Court, charging him with the crime of murder in said county. The Commonwealth’s attorney for said district, pursuant to the act of the Legislature approved May 26, 1890 (Acts 1890, vol. 1, page 164), made a written statement that there existed in said county such lawlessness by the friends, relations and sympathizers of the appellee that the officers in said county were prevented from discharging their duties, and which would deter the trial jury from rendering a fair and impartial verdict in said case; also that the same condition existed in the counties of Bell, Leslie, Harlan, Knox, Clay, Jackson, Owsley, Estill, Powell, Wolfe, Breathitt, Knott, Perry and Letcher. Thereupon the court ordered a change of venue to the Clark Circuit Court. The case having been transferred to the latter court, the Commonwealth’s attorney for that district moved the court to remand the case back to the Perry Circuit Court, upon the ground that the act authorizing said change was unconstitutional. So the constitutionality of the act is the only question to be decided.
The sections of the Constitution upon that subject are as follows:
Article 2, section 38: “The General Assembly shall
Article 13, section 12: “The accused has a right * * to a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the vicinage.”
Section 38, quoted, is mandatory upon the Legislature to provide by general law for the change of venue as well on behalf of the Commonwealth as on behalf of the accused. But does section 12, quoted, by providing that the accused shall have the right to a trial by an impartial jury of the vicinage, confine the right of the Commonwealth to provide for a change of venue on behalf of the accused only ? The greater likelihood of the accused being able to get his witnesses before the jury, and at less expense, and of the jury’s knowledge of their good characters, as well as that of his own good character — if one he has established— were doubtless the considerations that induced the adoption of said provision. But does said provision exclude the Commonwealth from taking a change of venue under any and all circumstances? If it does, said section 38 is rendered nugatory, so far as the Commonwealth is concerned, by implication. For the reasons indicated it was certainly the intention to secure to the accused the right to an impartial trial by a jury of the vicinage or county, and to prohibit the Commonwealth from changing the trial to another county, and thus annoy and harass the accused, unless it was necessary to preserve and enforce its authority. The two sections thus construed, the former is not rendered nugatory, but the Commonwealth is
In the first-named case it would be clearly the right of the Commonwealth to resort to the next nearest county', where that condition did not exist, to obtain a jury. In the second case tlie[ Common wealth should have the right to resort to the next county where she could obtain a footing to try the accused. The right of the Commonwealth in each case exists upon the ground of the necessity of preserving and enforcing its authority. So, also, if by the agency of a confraternity of lawless men the officers of the county whose duty it is to assist in the trial of the accused are prevented from discharging that duty, or any jury that might be intrusted with his trial are deterred from rendering an impartial verdict, thereby rendering the authority of the Commonwealth powerless in said county, the Commonwealth, in such case, has a right to a change of venue to a county where that condition does not exist. It is a trial by an impartial jury of the vicinage that is guaranteed to the accused, not a partial jury, nor a jury deterred by lawless men from rendering an impartial verdict, nor such a jury as the officers of the law, who are prevented by lawless men from summoning impartial juries, would select. If the former can not be obtained in the county, the Commonwealth may resort to another county for such jury to try the case in said county. In this state of case, where the Commonwealth has the power to assert its authority, it is essential to take the jury to said county in order that the accused may have the benefit of a less expensive trial
The judgment is affirmed.