Commonwealth v. ClementsCommonwealth v. Clements
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- Before:
- Kass
Terri A. Clements was convicted by a jury on two indictments for rape and abuse of a child under age sixteen (
1. Claimed error in taking the jury’s verdicts. On the ground that the clerk of the trial session failed to have the foreman of the jury announce the verdicts by word of mouth when they were returned, Clements urges that those verdicts are null and void. In so saying, Clements relies on Commonwealth v. Tobin, 125 Mass. 203, 206-207 (1878), in which the court required that the foreperson of the jury deliver the verdict by word of mouth in open court, “under the sense of responsibility attending such an utterance in the face of the court and of the public, and in the case of a felony, of the accused.” Id. at 207. The clerk then records the verdict on the back of the indictment and asks the jury collectively to affirm the verdict as the clerk has proclaimed it by an incantation along the fоllowing lines: “ ‘[Hjearken to your verdict as the court has recorded it. You, upon your oaths, do say that the prisoner at the bar is guilty,’ (or ‘not guilty.’) ‘So you say, Mr. [or Madame] Fore [person], and so, . . . you all say.’ ” See Commonwealth v. Kalinowksi, 12 Mass. App. Ct. 827, 830 (1981).
Clerk: “Mr. Foreman, has the jury agreed upon a verdict?”
Foreman: “Yes.”
Clerk: “May I have the papers [verdict slips] please?”
(Foreman hands documents to the clerk, clerk hands documents to judge, who examines them and returns them to clerk)
Clerk: “Mr. Foreman, members of the jury, hearken to your verdicts as the Court has recorded them. On Indictment 13854, Commonwealth v. Terri Clements, charging her with rape and abuse of a child, the jury finds the defendant guilty of the offense as charged. So say you, Mr. Foreman, and members of the jury, you all say?”
“(Jury responds affirmatively en masse.)”
That procedure was repeated for each of the other three indictments, and each time the jurors responded affirmatively after the clerk read the verdict slip. 1
Although the old practice was to have the foreperson give voice to a verdict, the taking of a verdict in writing from the foreperson and the announcement of that verdict in open court does not vitiate the purpose of the older ceremony. The substitution of written recital of a jury verdict for oral recital
2.
Ineffective assistance of counsel.
There were at trial six occasions of what appellate counsel describes as “deficient performance” of trial counsel before or during trial. Those points were put to the trial judge in a motion for a new trial on the ground of ineffective assistаnce of counsel. In considering the arguments, the judge correctly instructed himself in the applicable law as stated in:
Strickland
v.
Washington,
466 U.S. 668, 686 (1984) (counsel’s failings must be grave and fundamental);
Commonealth
v.
Saferian,
366 Mass. 89, 96 (1974) (serious incompetency, inefficiency, or intention falling measurably below what might be expected from an ordinary fallible lawyer);
Commonwealth
v.
Satterfield,
373 Mass. 109, 115 (1977) (better work might have accomplished something material for the defense); and
Commonwealth
v.
McGann,
20 Mass. App. Ct. 59, 61 (1985) (State
First. Appellate counsel considers it inexcusable that trial counsel did not consult with and present as a witness an expert on sexual abuse of children. Such an expert, the defendant now suggests, would have criticized the interviewing methods of Ginny Catalfamo, a sexual abuse treatmеnt clinician called by the prosecution, and would have helped trial counsel and the jury understand why a dispute over their custody might have influenced the testimony of the Clements children. Neither point touches on something material for the defense. Pecking away at Catalfamo’s clinical methodology would have been a marginal attack on a witness, and defense counsel’s examinations and arguments at trial demonstrate that she understood perfectly well the possible bearing of an underlying custody controversy on the charges of sexual molestation.
Second. Appellate counsel heaps scorn on trial counsel for failing to interview Paula J. Kolapakka, a lawyer who represented Clements in her custody dispute, 2 but neither the affidavit offered by Ms. Kolapakka nor appellate counsel deigns to detail any information adverse to the prosecution that Ms. Kolapakka was rеady to unwrap.
Third. Arguably, it may have been risky to permit Clements to meet uncounselled with a private investigator hired by her husband, William Clements, who was a codefendant, but nothing remarkable, let alone devastating, resulted from the interview. As the trial judge observed, “the [investigator] interview was a very minor aspect of the case.”
Fifth and sixth are variations on the points under first, i.e., by reason of the failurеs there adverted to, trial counsel did not produce a useful expert at trial and did not cross-examine Catalfamo searchingly enough. These examples of hindsight require no further comment.
3.
Asserted conflict of interest of defendant’s trial counsel.
Ms. Sylvia McMeen was appointed
4
to represent Clements in time to be present at Clements’ arraignment on July 20, 1988. Before that date, Ms. McMeen had been representing one David Morton in a divorce. A judgment of divorce nisi was entered September 20, 1988, and there was no showing that McMeen was active on behalf of Morton thereafter. Morton, it later developed, was one of those to whom the Clementses had prostituted their children. In October of 1989, Morton was indicted for sexual abuse of the Clements children. He was represented by other counsel in that case and eventually pleaded guilty. On the basis of that tenuous
Morton’s divorce case and the case against the Clementses were unrelated. In arguing the motion for a new trial, appellate counsel for Clements conceded that there was no actual conflict but speculates that Ms. McMeen may have learned something during her representаtion of Morton that would have aided Clements’ defense. What that may have been counsel was not able to describe to the trial judge. In the absence of explanation why Ms. McMeen would not have used her best efforts to secure Clements’ acquittal, the judge, properly, concluded there had bеen no potential conflict of interest. In asserting a conflict of interest on the part of counsel, the defendant may not rely on speculation. Commonwealth v. Soffen, 377 Mass. 433, 438 (1979). If, as here, there is no actual conflict, there is a burden on the defendant to demonstrate in what way a potential conflict materially prеjudiced her. Commonwealth v. Walter, 396 Mass. 549, 559 (1986). No divergent interest on the part of counsel emerged in her trial performance. See Commonwealth v. Filippidakis, 29 Mass. App. Ct. 679, 683 (1991).
4.
Motion for a mistrial.
While being cross-examined by defense counsel, one of the Clements children, Barney,
5
mentioned that Catalfamo, the sexual abuse treatment clinician who worked with the Clements children,*
6
had made a videotape of one of her conversations with the Clements boys and that the boys had later watched the videotape. This was on the sixth day of trial and was the first time that Ms. McMeen heard of the existence of a videotape of conversations with the boys, who were the major prosecution witnesses. After the jury were dismissed for the day, Ms. McMeen protested to the judge that the government had failed in its obligations, under law and a pretrial order, to make available potentially exculpatory material requested by the defense. The prosecutor expressed herself as equally sur
Next day the prosecutor reported to the judge that a detective on the case had made contact with Catalfamo and had obtained the tape from her. 7 That evening, the trial judge, who handled the entire episоde with great skill, viewed the tape and, having come to the conclusion that it contained information material to the defense, ordered it made available to defense counsel and the prosecutor. Thereupon Ms. McMeen announced her intention to move for a mistrial. The judge thought а mistrial too drastic a step. Not least of all, the wear and tear and absence from school of the child witnesses had to be considered. He suspended trial proceedings to allow Ms. McMeen to review the entire videotape. Defense counsel would be permitted to recall the children, who had already testified to explore any matters — inconsistencies with their trial testimony, as it turned out — raised by the videotape.
When trial resumed later that day, it was to continue the direct examination of another of the Clements children, Edward. 8 Defense counsel was able to cross-examinе Edward with the benefit of recent viewing of the videotape. The videotape itself was admitted in evidence at the conclusion of Catalfamo’s testimony on the tenth day of trial. Before the jury viewed the tape, the judge gave limiting instructions, to which neither party had an objection, that the jury were to сonsider what they would see and hear, not as substantive evidence but as material bearing on the credibility of the child witnesses. The judge also told the jury that the tape could be considered by them as bearing on whether there existed a common scheme or plan bearing on the intent of the defendant.
5.
Evidence of abuse of another child.
Testimony was received over objection
9
from Barney, who was not mentioned in the indictments against the defendant, that he, too, had been sexually molested by his mother, father, and their friends. The basis of defense counsel’s objection at trial was that Barney’s proposed testimony would be cumulative and prejudicial. On appeal, the argument shifts slightly and urges in addition that Barney’s testimony described other bad acts and served to paint the defendant as a bad person. The question is controlled by
Commonwealth
v.
King,
387 Mass. 464, 470-472 (1982), and
Commonwealth
v.
Odell,
34 Mass. App. Ct. 100, 102-104 (1993), i.e., admission of evidence to
6. Fresh complaint evidence. Archy was between six and nine years old and Edward was between four and six when the events complained of occurred. Each was warned that he and his siblings would be killed if they spoke of what had happened. Catalfamo, the clinician, Nancy Gingras, an investigative social worker for the Department of Social Services, and Detective James Gauthier of the Salem police department, who had watched an interview of the children over closed circuit television, were each allowed to repeat the stories of abuse testified to by the children. The occasions of the complaint to third persons were from two to three years after the events and from fourteen to twenty months after the defendant no longer had dominion over the children. The judge acted within the discretion conferred and the time limits discussed in connection with child molestаtion cases in cases such as Commonwealth v. Amirault, 404 Mass. 221, 228 (1989), and Commonwealth v. Hyatt, 31 Mass. App. Ct. 488, 491-492 (1991). Compare Commonwealth v. Dion, 30 Mass. App. Ct. 406, 414 (1991). Contrast Commonwealth v. Snow, 35 Mass. App. Ct. 836, 839 (1994).
Judgments affirmed.
Order denying motion for new trial affirmed.
Notes
Defense counsel did not object at any point during the proceedings involving return of the verdicts. Ordinarily we would not consider a claim of error not brought to the attention of the trial court. Perhaps because the steps taken to insure accurate receiрt and recordation of a jury’s verdict are at the core of whether there has been a fair trial, we have considered such a question before, even though not raised at trial. See Commonwealth v. Morgan, 30 Mass. App. Ct. 685, 695-696 (1991).
In 1987, custody of the Clements children had been placed with Donna Dukeman, Terri Clements’ sister. Terri Clements in 1988 brought a proceeding in Probate Court to remove Dukeman as guardian and to regain custody of her children.
A fictitious name.
The appointment was made by the Committee for Public Counsel Services.
A fictitious name.
Catalfamo was employed by the Lowell Center for Family Development, a private nonprofit mental health group.
A police detective had learned of the tape’s existence, although he had not seen it. It is not clear from the detective’s examination by the trial judge whether he learned about the tape before trial or during trial.
A fictitious name.
The question of admissibility was raised through a motion in limine made by the government prior to its opening.