Commonwealth v. Boyer, Appellant.
Superior Court of Pennsylvania
September 22, 1975
237 Pa. Super. 341 | 352 A.2d 431
Appellee contends that the judgment presented to this court on appeal was a variation, produced by ministerial folly, of the true judgment intended by the jury and pronounced by the trial court. This fact, even if true, does not temper the patent invalidity of the lower court‘s order. It is well established that a trial court may mold or vacate a judgment so as to express the real intent of the jury and the court. E.g., Peyton v. Margiotti, 398 Pa. 86, 156 A.2d 865 (1959); Maize v. Atlantic Refining Co., 352 Pa. 51, 41 A.2d 850 (1945). The exercise of this power, however, must be timely if it is to be valid. Once a matter has been raised on appeal, the lower court, by its own discretion, has no power to change or strike the judgment of the reviewing court. Therefore, the order of the lower court is reversed and the judgment is reinstated as previously affirmed.
Commonwealth v. Boyer, Appellant.
Barry H. Denker, and Shuman, Denker & Land, for appellant.
Marion E. MacIntyre, Deputy District Attorney, and LeRoy S. Zimmerman, District Attorney, for Commonwealth, appellee.
On the night of February 29, 1973, Officers Robert C. Geary and Richard E. Cecconello of the Pennsylvania State Police, were on midnight patrol on the Pennsylvania Turnpike in Lower Swatara Township, Dauphin County. Confidential information had been received by the State Police concerning a white over black Cadillac which was allegedly transporting heroin between Philadelphia and Harrisburg.
The officers observed what appeared to be a 1969 white over black Cadillac convertible enter the Pennsylvania Turnpike at the Harrisburg East Interchange. Upon stopping the auto, the officers saw that it was a white over dark blue Cadillac convertible. As the officers approached the car from opposite sides, they observed the appellant, who was driving, and two passengers, Jacqueline Hudson in the right-front seat, and Leon Ryland Brown in the rear seat.
When Officer Cecconello looked inside the car with his flashlight, he noticed Ms. Hudson attempting to hide something. He testified that there appeared to be glassine packets in her right hand. He then requested that she get out of the car. In her possession were packages wrapped with a red rubber band which later investigation revealed to contain heroin. Everyone was then ordered out of the car and searched. Appellant was found to be in possession of $460 in small-denomination bills. Leon Brown, the other passenger, was found to have $310 in the rear pocket of his pants.
All three occupants of the car were arrested and subsequently indicted. Their cases were consolidated for trial and after waiving a jury trial, the accused were found guilty of unlawful possession of narcotic drugs.1 This appeal is brought by appellant only, in which he raises two main issues.
The Commonwealth attempts to distinguish the present case from Swanger, supra, by arguing that there was probable cause for the officers to stop the Boyer automo-2
Trooper Geary testified as follows at the Suppression Hearing:
“Q. You said you had a reliable informant. Was this information given to you before you went onto patrol?
A. No, I did not say I had a reliable informant. I said we had confidential information that such a vehicle was traveling. This was put out on the police teletype network for State Police use.” (Suppression Hearing NT 10)
At trial, he stated:
“A. We saw a vehicle entering the Pennsylvania Turnpike system at the Harrisburg East Interchange and was approaching on our right headed eastbound. I saw that the vehicle was a white over what appeared to be black cadillac convertible, approximately ‘69 or ‘70 at that time. It turned out to be a ‘69. The vehicle approached. I pulled off the highway to leave it pass. After it passed I pursued and pulled the vehicle off the road approximately half a mile.
Q. Upon stopping it, what did you do?
A. The vehicle was stopped. I approached the driver‘s side. Trooper Cecconello approached the passenger‘s side.
Q. Why did you stop that vehicle?
A. It was stopped for a routine traffic check and for a check of a vehicle that had been transporting heroin from Philadelphia to the Harrisburg area.
Q. Where did you get that information?
A. Confidential information that was sent to our barracks by teletype.” (NT 6-7)
Since there was nothing to show the information to be reliable, the police had not established probable cause to stop the automobile. In Swanger, the court stated at
Since the record is clear that the officers had no probable cause to stop the automobile in which Boyer was riding, the stop was constitutionally impermissible, and the “fruits” of the unlawful stop or seizure should have been suppressed. See Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471 (1963).
Because the evidence must be suppressed there is no need to resolve the other questions raised on this appeal. Further, such suppression, since it applies to all of the Commonwealth‘s case, makes the granting of a new trial useless. The order of the lower court denying the Motion in Arrest of Judgment and the Judgment of Sentence are reversed and appellant discharged.
DISSENTING OPINION BY JACOBS, J.:
I dissent.
This case involves the stop of an automobile on less than probable cause and presents the question of whether such an investigative stop is ever permissible or whether such stops are completely forbidden. The majority interprets the decision in Commonwealth v. Swanger, 453 Pa. 107, 307 A.2d 875 (1973) as forbidding the stop of any vehicle on less than probable cause. I cannot agree,
In Commonwealth v. Smith, 225 Pa. Superior Ct. 509, 512, 311 A.2d 716, 718 (1973), we noted that “there is nothing unconstitutional about the brief detention of an individual, under circumstances not justifying arrest, for the purpose of investigating possible criminal activity.” The United States Supreme Court in Adams v. Williams, 407 U.S. 143 (1972) recognized that a police officer may sometimes be presented with suspicions of criminal activity without possessing the requisite facts of probable cause. “A brief stop of a suspicious individual, in order to determine his identity or to maintain the status quo momentarily while obtaining more information, may be most reasonable in light of the facts known to the officer at the time.” Id. at 146.
The Court in Commonwealth v. Swanger, supra, invalidated an investigative stop of an automobile where the stop was merely “routine” and was made with no basis which could approach the “specific and articulable facts” standard of Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 21 (1968). See Commonwealth v. Boyer, 455 Pa. 283, 314 A.2d 317 (1974) (stop based upon “unusual look” of driver unlawful). The case before us, however, does not involve the situation of a routine traffic stop. It involves a situation almost identical to that which confronted this Court in Commonwealth v. Brown, 228 Pa. Superior Ct. 158, 323 A.2d 104 (1974). Therein this Court upheld an investigatory stop based upon the reasonable suspicions of the officer where the reliability of an informant who had supplied information had not been established. We held that “[a]rmed with the informant‘s tip and his own personal observation, the arresting officer was justified in believing that criminal activity was afoot. Under these circumstances, he acted in a reasonable manner by stopping the Cadillac for investigation.” Id. at 163, 323 A.2d at 106. See United States v. Hernandez, 486 F.2d 614 (7th Cir. 1973).
WATKINS, P. J., and VAN DER VOORT, J., join in this dissenting opinion.
Commonwealth v. Brown, Appellant.
Argued March 10, 1975. Before WATKINS, P. J., JACOBS, HOFFMAN, CERCONE, PRICE, VAN DER VOORT, and SPAETH, JJ.
David Cohen, with him Harry Lore, and Cohen and Lore, for appellant.
Edwin W. Frese, Jr., Deputy District Attorney, with him Marion E. MacIntyre, Deputy District Attorney, and LeRoy S. Zimmerman, District Attorney, for Commonwealth, appellee.