Commonwealth v. BashamCommonwealth v. Basham
- Reporters:
- , ,
- Before:
- Hazelrigg
delivered the opinion, oe the court.
Thе appellee was indicted for practicing dentistry without securing a certificate of qualification from the board of examiners of the Kentucky Dental Association, as required by the law of May 10, 1886.
A demurrer was sustained to the indictment, and-the Commonwealth has appealed.
The present statute on the subject — May1,1893, Kentucky Stаtutes, section 459 — requires only one class of persons to obtain this certificate, viz., those who desire to begin the practice of dentistry after the adoption of the law, and, as it is not alleged that the accused belonged to this class, the pleading is not good as to him if this statute, by repealing former statutes, is now the whole lаw on the subject.
That the present statute does not repeal the former statute and render legal that whiсh was illegal before its adoption, is, we think, quite clear.
*172The first act was that of April 8,1878. It applied only to pеrsons who should commence the practice of dentistry after that date, and required them either to havе received a diploma from some duly incorporated dental college or to have received a certificate of qualification from the Kentucky State Dental Association. So far as this act goes, the accused is not yet affected, as he may not have commenced the practice after April 8, 1878, and might, therefore, practice without a certificate, or he may have commenced аfter that date and. have obtained the required diploma.
The next act is that of May 10, 1886, and applies to аll persons legally engaged in the practice of dentistry at that date. Such persons were those who wеre practicing before April 8, 1878, and of whom nothing had been required, and those who commenced the prаctice after that date, and had received either a certificate or a diploma. And this act rеquired every dentist in the State “to cause his name and residence, or place of business to be registered with said board of examiners, upon which said board should (shall) issue a certificate, duly signed by a majority of the* membеrs of said board, and which certificate should (shall) entitle the-person to whom it was (is) issued to all the rights and privilegеs set forth in section 1 of the act” of April, 1878, which was the right to practice dentistry. This act requires the possession of a certificate of qualification from the board of examiners as a condition of legally engaging in the practice of dentistry in Kentucky. A man legally engaged in such practice on May 10,1886, could not continuе to do so legally without getting such a certificate; and one *173illegally so, engaged remained thus engaged unlеss he secured the required certificate. No man, therefore, could legally practice without such a certificate from the Dental-Association.
This law further provided that those commencing the practiсe after its adoption should either by reason of having a diploma or of standing an examination beforе the board, obtain a certificate of qualification from the board; therefore, dentists who were engаged in the practice on April 8, 1878, and before, those who commenced the practice betweеn that date and May 10, 1886, and those who commenced between the latter date and May 1, 1893, were required to hаve issued to them by the board of examiners a certificate entitling them to practice dentistry in this State. And under the last act those Who commenced the practice thereafter were also required to obtain such a certificate. A man, therefore, who, on May 14, 1896, the date of the indictment, was engaged in the praсtice of dentistry in this State, without having received a certificate of qualification from the board of examiners of the Kentucky State Dental Association, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
The law of 1893 takes nothing away from the stаtute of 1886, but provides expressly that “nothing herein contained shall be construed to require any person who nоw holds a certificate from the Kentucky State Dental Association to pass an additional examinatiоn or obtain a new certificate,” thus implying clearly that he must have that certificate as • provided by the law of 1886, and under which the appellee was indicted.
As aptly said by counsel “the act of 1893 lays upon those *174already holding certificates the burden of registering them in the county clerk’s office, under pain of practicing dentistry illegally, and of being liáble to a fine of from $50 to $200 for each act of practice. If the act of 1893 repeals as to those who began practice before ‘its passage the obligation to secure certificates of qualification, then it relieves thеm of all duty in the premises whatever, and they can, as the result of their prior violation of law, freely continuе in practice, with no sort of obligation upon them. Obedience to the law would thus be punished by added restraints violation of law would be rewarded by unrestrained freedom.”
Manifestly the law makers intended no such results, but rather intended the three dental acts to be taken as parts of the whole and form a consistent and homogeneous body of laws. The passage of the act of 1893, and of all the acts on the subject involved, was intended to elevate the standard of professional skill in the department of dentistry, and; not to lower it by taking away the barriers erected against quacks by pre-existing laws.
The judgment below sustaining the demurrer is reversed and the cause remanded for proceedings consistent with this opinion.