132 Va. 480 | Va. | 1922
delivered the opinion of the court.
The Commonwealth of Virginia, at the relation of the city of Portsmouth, in April, 1918, filed in the Hustings Court of that city an information in the nature of a writ of quo warranto against the Portsmouth Gas Company, alleging that the company, “from the 18th day of February, 1914, and ever since, has exercised the privilege or franchise not conferred upon it by law to use the streets, lanes and alleys of the city of Portsmouth, for the .purpose of laying gas mains and pipes to distribute gas for public and private lighting and heating, and for power.”
The respondent interposed a demurrer to the information, which was sustained, and thereupon, the plaintiff not desiring to amend, the court entered the order now under review, adjudging “that'the Portsmouth Gas Company from the eighteenth day of February, nineteen hundred and fourteen, and ever since that time, was not in the exercise of a privilege or franchise not conferred upon it by law to use the streets and alleys of the city of Portsmouth for the purpose of laying and maintaining its gas mains and service pipes to distribute gas for public and private use. And that the charter of the Portsmouth Gas Company, by successive amendments having been extended to a period with
The material allegations of the information, other than as above set out, are as follows:
That Portsmouth was incorporated as a town by the Colonial Assembly in 1752, and as a city by the General Assembly in 1858;
That on September 6, 1853, the council of the town of Portsmouth passed the following resolution:
“Whereas, Messrs. Perdicaris and Hoy, of Trenton, N. J., have expressed to the council their desire to erect, for the use of the citizens of the town, a, suitable set of gas works, provided the authorities of the town and its citizens will give them protection and encouragement; and, whereas, the council of Portsmouth desires to give Messrs. Perdicaris and Hoy a proof of the favor with which they will regard the erection of gas works to supply the citizens with a cheap, beautiful and much-needed light; therefore, be it resolved,
“First. That the town of Portsmouth do grant unto Messrs. Perdicaris and Hoy and, through them, to the ‘Portsmouth Gas Company’ the exclusive privilege for the space of fifteen years from the completion of the gas works in the said town, of opening the streets and alleys of the town for the purpose of laying street mains and service pipes through them; the opening and closing of said streets and alleys to be done with all reasonable dispatch, and the said streets and alleys to be forthwith repaired and left by the parties opening them in the same good order and condition as before, at their own expense.
“Second. That the town of Portsmouth will exempt from*486 town taxes the property of said contemplated gas works for the space of ten years from the going into operation of the same.
“Third. That the town of Portsmouth will pass all legal and proper ordinances to protect the said gas works and property from injury.
“Fourth. That on the completion of said gas works, the town of Portsmouth will contract for the lighting of such number of public lamps as the council may deem proper and the interest of the town may require.
“Fifth. That should the said Perdicaris and Hoy fail for six months to proceed to erect their gas works, and complete them with all practical dispatch, or should the gas furnished by said works when in operation be inferior in quality to, or furnished at a higher charge to the consumers per thousand feet than that furnished by the gas works in the cities of Norfolk or Richmond, then the town of Portsmouth, at any and all times, reserves the right to annul the whole or any portion of the foregoing resolutions, and revoke the privilege hereby granted.”
That on November 1, 1853, the town council, by anothei resolution, extended the time within which the gas works were to be commenced and completed, and also made certain alterations as to charges for and quality of gas to be furnished ;
That the foregoing resolutions constitute all the formal corporate action by the municipality, except as hereinafter set out, giving consent of the corporate authorities for use by the gas company of the streets and alleys of the town;
“That, within the time limit specified in said resolutions, the said Perdicaris and Hoy and the Portsmouth Gas Company proceeded to erect gas works and to lay mains in the streets and alleys of the town of Portsmouth, and ever since the fall of 1854 has been, and now is, using the streets, alleys and lanes of said town or city to furnish gas to the*487 inhabitants of the town and of the city of Portsmouth, and has continuously during said period, pursuant to contracts made between the Portsmouth Gas Company and said town and city in accordance with resolutions passed by the councils of said town and city, furnished gas for the streets and public buildings of the municipalities of the town and city of Portsmouth;
“That in the year 1854, the General Assembly of Virginia passed an act to incorporate the Portsmouth Gas Company, by act approved on the 11th day of February, 1854, authorizing the Portsmouth Gas Company to use the streets, alleys and lanes of the town of Portsmouth without regard to the consent or dissent of the council of said town or city, except as to the repair of the streets, lanes and alleys which may have been opened for the purpose of laying the said pipe, as will be seen by Acts of the General Assembly of Virginia 1853-4, page 86;
“That this charter, with all the rights therein granted to the streets, alleys and lanes of the city of Portsmouth expired by its terms on the 11th day of February, 1884;
“That on the 19th day of February, 1884, the Portsmouth Gas Company applied to the General Assembly of Virginia for an amendment, re-enactment, extension and renewal of its charter, and the same was granted for a further period of thirty years from that date, as will be seen by the Acts of the General Assembly of Virginia 1883-4, page 169;
“That the corporate existence, together with the rights granted to said company in and to the streets, alleys and lanes of the city of Portsmouth by this latter act of the General Assembly of Virginia, expired on February 19. 1914;”
That on the 17th day of May, 1911, “the Portsmouth Gas Company, recognizing that their corporate life and the rights therein granted would expire by limitation on the 19th day of February, 1914, applied to the State Corpora
That the above-recited extension of the charter was procured by the company without compliance on its part with sections 124 and 125 of the Virginia Constitution of 1902;
That all the rights of the gas company in and to the use of the streets and alleys of the city not permitted to the general public ceased and determined on the 19th day of February, 1914, and that the action of the State Corporation Commission in granting an extension of the charter did not confer upon the company any rights in the streets and alleys not permitted to the public generally;
And, finally, that the gas company, by applying for and accepting the amendment to its charter on May 17, 1911. “thereby surrendered every exclusive and nonrepealable right which it enjoyed, and agreed thereafter to hold its charter, rights, privileges and franchises subject to the provisions of the Constitution of Virginia, especially sections 124 and 125. See section 158 of the Constitution of Virginia and Acts of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1902-3-4, page 437, section 1105-a, clause 8, Pollard’s Code 1904.”
The controversy presented by the record and the arguments of counsel with respect thereto give rise to these two main questions: First, what is the proper construction to be placed on the contract between the gas company and the municipality; and, second, what, if any, was the effect upon that contract of the amendment or extension of the company’s charter granted by the State Corporation Commission in May, 1911 ?
The promoters of the project, Perdicaris and Hoy, through whom the franchise was granted to the contemplated and subsequently incorporated Portsmouth Gas Company, proposed to install, equip and operate a public service plant which would necessarily involve an initial expenditure of a
If we correctly grasp the contention of the city, it is that, as to the use of the streets and alleys, the only purpose of the resolutions by the town council in 1853 was to confer on the company an exclusive privilege for fifteen years, and that in all other respects the company has all the while been acting solely under the special legislative authority conferred by the charters granted to it in 1854 and 1884, respectively.
Section 4 of the charter of the gas company, granted to it in 1854, was as follows: “The said company is hereby authorized to open streets, lanes, alleys and public squares of said town for the purpose of distributing gas; but the said company shall repair any injury done thereby at its own cost in such manner as shall be prescribed by the council of said town.” But section 2 of that charter provided that the same should be “subject to all the provisions prescribed in chapters 56 and 57 of the Code of Virginia (Code 1849), except so far. as this act may otherwise prescribe.”
The provisions of chapters 56 and 57 of the Code of 1849, which are material in this connection are section 23 of chapter 56, and section 37 of chapter 57. Section 23 is as follows: “No company shall occupy with its works the
. The charter of the company having been expressly made subject to the provisions of chapters 56 and 57 of the Code of 1849, “except so far as this act may otherwise prescribe,” we think it is clear that under and by virtue of section 23, above quoted, it could not lawfully have occupied the streets without the consent, expressed or implied, of the city of Portsmouth. It is argued on behalf of the city that the words “except so far as this act may otherwise prescribe,” in section 2 of the charter, and the words “unless such assent be dispensed with by special provision of law,” in section 23 of chapter 56 of the Code, may be so construed as to mean that section 4 of the charter, quoted above, gave the company the right to use the streets without the city’s consent. We do not think so. Ever since the Code of 1849 went into effect, it has been the general policy of this State to require that the.consent of municipalities shall first be given before their streets shall be occupied by the works of any corporation for public improvement. (Code 1849, chap. 56, sec. 23; Code 1860, chap. 56, sec. 23; Code 1873, chap. 56, sec. 24; Code 1887, sec. 1093; Va. Const., sec. 124.) An exception to that policy, to be recognized, would have to be very clearly created. There are reasons, apparent upon comparing the charter of the gas company with certain provisions of chapters 56 and 57 of the Code, which will readily show the propriety of, if not indeed the necessity for, the words “except so far as this act may otherwise prescribe,” but we need not prolong this discussion by a recital of these reasons. Suffice it to say that, in our
The case of Wheat v. Alexandria, 88 Va. 742, 14 S. E. 672, is relied upon with great confidence by counsel for the city to sustain the proposition that the charter constituted an unconditional grant of authority to the gas company to open the streets, and that such grant did not depend upon any consent from the city. The decision in the Wheat Case, however, even if it could not be otherwise distinguished from the case before us, cannot be relied upon as authority here. This is clearly true, not only because the charter of the Alexandria Water Company was not, like that of the Portsmouth Gas Company, made subject to a limitation contained in the general law, but for the more conclusive reason that section 23 of the Code of 1849 was not in force when the act incorporating the Alexandria Water Company became effective. That act was passed March 22, 1850, and was in force from its passage. (Acts 1849-50, p. 145.) The Code of 1849 did not take effect until July 1, 1850. (Code 1849, chap. 216, sec. 1.) For this manifest reason, section 23 had no influence upon the decision of the Wheat Case.
The consent of the municipal authorities in Portsmouth was necessary to enable the company to occupy and use the streets, and this consent was undoubtedly given by the resolutions of the council, and by long subsequent conduct on the part of the town and city. This conduct was not limited to a mere acquiescence, but extended to an active recognition of the company’s rights from 1854 to about the time this proceeding was instituted.
“124. No * * * gas *' * * company * * * shall be permitted to use the streets, alleys or public grounds of a city or town without the previous consent of the corporate authorities of such city or town.” This section merely carried into the Constitution the legislative require
Section 125 provides that no franchise to a gas company can be granted by a municipality except by sale to the highest bidder after advertisement, and limits all such franchises to a period of thirty years.
“158. Every corporation heretofore chartered in this State which shall hereafter accept or effect any amendment or extension of its charter shall be conclusively presumed to have thereby surrendered every exemption from taxation and every nonrepealable feature of its charter and of the amendments thereof, and also all exclusive rights or privileges theretofore granted to it by the General Assembly and not enjoyed by other corporations of. a similar general character; and to have thereby agreed thereafter to hold its charter and franchises and all amendments thereof subject to all the requirements, terms and conditions of this Constitution and of any laws passed in pursuance thereof so far as the same may be applicable to such corporation.”
Sections 124 and 125 have no application to this case. The gas company had acquired from the city the right to use the streets before, the new Constitution was adopted. The sections in question are not intended to operate retrospectively. To hold otherwise would violate elementary rules of construction. Arey v. Lindsey, 103 Va. 250, 48 S. E. 889; Black on Interpretation, p. 20; Cooley’s Const. Lim. (7th ed.), p. 97. Furthermore, it cannot be thought that a retrospective effect was intended by the framers of the Virginia Constitution, because that would impair the obligation of the contract and would deprive the company of its property without due process of law, and thus violate Article I, section 10, clause 1, of the United States Constitution, and section 1 of the fourteenth amendment thereto. Russell v. Sebastian, supra; Va.-W. P. Co. v. Clifton Forge, 125 Va. 469, 480-482, 99 S. E. 723.
We are of opinion that the charter of the gas company granted by the General Assembly in 1854 empowered the company to lay its pipes in the streets of the town of Portsmouth only after obtaining the consent of the town; that the resolutions of the town council in 1853 gave such consent, and have been so acted under in subsequent years as to have conferred upon the gas company the consent of the municipality for an indefinite time, and to have constituted a contract which vested a property right in the company; that the limitation on the corporate existence of the company to thirty years in its first and second charters did not
There was no error in the judgment complained of, and the same will be affirmed.
Affirmed.