20 Wash. 288 | Wash. | 1898
The opinion of the court was delivered by
In 1896, the appellant was engaged in the electric lighting business in the city of Tacoma, and, by license from the city, had its wires strung on poles in the usual manner throughout the streets and alleys. The city was also engaged in the lighting business, and appellant, by virtue of a certain contract, had certain of its wires strung on poles which belonged to the city, at an annual rental. In July of the year 1896, the mayor of the city of Tacoma got together a force of men from the city’s electrical department, and some of the policemen of the city, and in the night time caused all the wires of the appellant which were on the city’s poles to be torn down and destroyed. This was done without previous express direction
The complaint alleges the ratification of the action of the mayor by the city by the subsequent action of its officers. On the trial, plaintiff established its right to maintain its wires where they had been, by introducing the judgment roll in a case wherein that question was determined (Commercial Electric Light and Power Co. v. Tacoma, 17 Wash. 661, 50 Pac. 592); showed the character and amount of damages which it had sustained, that the city was engaged in the same kind of business, and was contending with appellant for the custom of the consumers of electricity; and introduced some evidence concerning the ratification of the action of the mayor. The appellant then sought to show, by introducing in evidence the record of cause ÜSTo. 15,335, which had been finally determined in this court (a cause which had been commenced by the city against appellant), that it had, immediately after the acts complained of, sought affirmatively to take advantage of the mayor’s act of tearing down appellant’s wires by appealing to the same court, in another department, to enjoin appellant from putting them up again, thus practically nullifying the injunction which appellant had already obtained earlier in the day. The injunction asked was obtained, and forbade appellant to fasten any wires to the poles belonging to the city of Tacoma; but the case was afterwards determined against the city in this court. This testimony was objected to, on the ground that it did not tend to show ratification, and on the further ground that such actions were incapable of ratification by the defendant, the city of Tacoma. The objection was sustained, the court holding that the only way in which the city could have ratified these acts would have been by an ordinance, if indeed ratification were possible at all.
On the first proposition it was said in Thayer v. Boston, 19 Pick. 511 (31 Am. Dec. 157), by Chief Justice Shaw, 'who rendered the opinion of the court:
“ That an action sounding in tort, will lie against a corporation, though formerly doubted, seems now too well settled to be questioned. Yarborough v. Bank of England, 16 East, 6; Smith v. Birmingham, etc., Gas Light Co., 1 Adolph. & Ellis, 526. And there seems no sufficient .ground for a distinction in this respect, between cities and towns and other corporations. Clark v. Washington, 12 Wheaton, 40; Baker v. Boston, 12 Pick. 184.”
And the court in that case laid down the general rule as follows:
“As a general rule, the corporation is not responsible for the unauthorized and unlawful acts of its officers, though •done colore officii; it must further appear, that they were expressly authorized to do the acts, by the city government, or that they were done bona fide in pui suance of a general authority to act for the city, on the subject to which they relate; or that, in either case, the act was adopted and ratified by the corporation.”
It was also held in that case that whether a particular act operating injuriously to an individual was authorized by
“ But if the wrongful act be not in this sense ultra vires, it may be the foundation of an action of tort against the corporation, either when it was done by its officers under its previous direct authority, or has been ratified or adopted, expressly or impliedly, by it;”
and in § 969 a, continuing, says:
“ In the two preceding sections we have used the word ultra vires in the sense of meaning an act which both intrinsically and in its external aspects is, under all circumstances, wholly and necessarily beyond the possible scope-of the chartered powers of the municipality.”
So that, under this text, the action of the mayor' in this respect does not fall within the definition of ultra vires. A case which seems to us squarely in point here, although its application is denied by the respondent, is that of McGary v. Lafayette, 12 Rob. (La.) 668. In that case, McGary had a building on what the mayor believed to be public land. He proceeded at the head of a force of labor
The judgment will he reversed and the case remanded, with instructions to overrule the motion for a non-suit and to admit the proofs offered by the appellant.
Gordon and Anders, JJ., concur.