Combs v. State, 108 S.W. 649

Combs v. State

108 S.W. 649

Tex. Crim. App.

1908

Check Treatment

RAMSEY, Judge.

Aрpellant was charged in the District Court of Parker County, with the offense of murder of his wife, Claudie Combs. He was convicted at the September term of said court, 1907, of murder in the second degree, and his punishment assessed at thirty years confinement in thе penitentiary.

There are several interesting questions raised on the appeal: the more important of which we will now consider. The facts show that appellant and his deceased wife were quite young people; that thеy had been married something like two years; that there had been one or two separations between them, but they were living together at the date of her death, and no direct evidence of any quarrel or bad feeling is shown to have existed at that time, except and unless it can be found in the fact of some declarations by appellant to his neighbors in respect to getting a divorce. On the day of the homicide they had been picking cotton in. a field close tо where they lived, and had a wagon about half full of cotton when they concluded to remove the cotton from the wagon and go to town in it. After having removed the cotton, appellant’s wife started home. He (appellant) had in the field at the time a pistol. This pistol he carried to his father’s house the night before, having gone to his father’s house after night and carried the pistol, as he claims, for protection; that he carried the pistol to the field the next morning, and stаtes in his statement hereafter referred to, that he thought he. had removed the cartridge from it. While en route home and while in the *615 field, a shot was fired, which struck his deceased wife in the back, as a result of which, a few days after this, she died. There were some two or three neighbors not far apart who, in view of the cries of appellant and his wife, came to where they were. The witness Ed Wells says: “I started to him (meaning appellant) just as quick as I heard him. He may have holloed three or four times before I got my sack off, and I started right in the direction of the holloing. I climbed through a barb-wire fence into the woods and started in the direction I heard the sound. I came out of the timber into a glade of prairie and stoppеd and just then I heard him say something to her, and I looked over and saw them. I asked him what was the matter. 'Oh !’ he says, T have shot Claudie/ I said,. 'How in the world did you do it?’ And he said, 'I was wringing the pistol,’ or. 'turning the pistol around my head and it went off and shot her accidentally.’ He said he was whirling the pistol around his head, snapping it, and it went off and shot her accidentally.” The witness Cary testified, that appellant said to him, when he reached the scene of the shooting, in response to an inquiry as to how he had shot his wife, that “I was just throwing the pistol around my head, snapping it and it went off and shot her accidentally.” The appellant had made before the assistant county attorney of Parker County a written statement, which was introduced by the State, without objections, ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍in whiсh appellant said, “When my wife and I started from home this morning, I forgot the pistol and went back and got it and stuck it in my hip pocket; we came back to my cotton patch and unloaded a wagon of cotton so we could use the wagоn to go to town; wfiile we were unloading the wagon, I laid the pistol down on a log but took the load out of it first; after I took the load out, I revolved the cylinder several times; don’t know why I did unless it was to see if it needed cleaning. . The reason I toоk the load out was because I was afraid it would fall off and explode. I must have put the load in before I put the pistol down on the log, for I know I did not put it in when I picked it up. I don’t remember of putting the load back and did not know that it was in there when I picked it up. My wife had started on ahead of .me and I was trotting along behind her, trying to catch up with her, swinging the postol around in my hand and snapping it; it went off and struck my wife.” Proof was also made by Dr. Fritz, who was called to see Mrs. Combs, that he asked her hоw it happened; and that she said, in reply to such question, that they were in a wagon unloading some cotton, and Avhen they got out, she started to the house to get ready, and her husband started to get the mules and was coming after her to go to town, and the pistol went off and shot her; that George (meaning appellant) had not intended to shoot her; that the shooting was accidental.

In this state of the proof, appellant most strenuously contends that the court erred in not giving a сharge on negligent homicide in the first and second degree, and in support of this contention refers us to the case of Bradshaw v. State, 50 S. W. Rep., 359. The Bradshaw case is, *616 in its facts, very much like the case at bar, and is authority for the proposition that if the court had submitted the issue of negligent homicide in the first degree and a conviction had resulted, that such submission and conviction would have been justified under the law by the facts was error in this case, in view of the charge given by the court, to fail of this case. We do not believe, however, under the authorities that it to submit the doctrine of negligent homicide. The court gave a charge in which he instructed the jury very clearly that if the shooting was an accident that the defendant was entitled to an acquittal. In the ease of Garner v. State, 24 S. W. Rep., 420, a question similar to the one here raised was before the court. In that case, as in this, appellant had shot and killed his wife. The theory of the State in that case as in this case, was that the shooting was murder, аnd the theory of the defense was that the killing was accidental homicide. It appears in the Garner case that at the time of the killing that appellant was whirling a -pistol in play when it accidentally fired. It was complained and the distinct issue was made in this case that the court erred in failing to instruct the jury in respect to the various grades of accidental homicide. In passing on the question Judge Simkins, who wrote the opinion of the court, says: “There was no necessity of instructing оn the* various grades and punishments of accidental homicide. If there was no murder in the case, the appellant should be ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍acquitted, and the court so charged the jury. We cannot see how the appellant can complаin of this omission. It was for his benefit. Green’s case, 27 Texas Grim App., 244.” And, so in this case, if it be conceded, as we think the facts show, that the evidence raised the issue of negligent homicide, still the failure to submit this degree of the offense charged can furnish no just ground of complaint to the appellant. If it was an accident, from the charge of the court as given, appellant was entitled to an acquittal. Accident is implied in negligent homicide of both the first and the second degrees, and in many cases of accidental killing, the defendant could not be convicted even of homicide in either of these degrees. We think, therefore, and so hold, that the charge of the court in this respect cannot be complained of by appellant.

Complaint is made of the following portion of the court’s charge: “If you believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant in Parker Count)', Texas, with a pistol and if the same was a deadly weapon or instrument reasonably calculated and likely to produce death from the mode and manner of its use in a sudden transport of passion aroused without adequate cause, with the intent to kill, did shoot and thereby kill Claudie Combs, as charged in the indictmеnt, you will find him -guilty of murder in the second degree, and so say in your verdict.” It is urged that this charge is not the law of the case, nor is it applicable to the facts in this case, for there was no evidence in the record calling for such charge. That thеre was no evidence whatever that- the parties had had any quarrel or that there was at any time any ill-feeling between them and the evidence does not raise the *617 issue or suggest the fact that the killing was in a sudden transport of foassion. This charge has not infrequently been criticised and condemned ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍by this сourt, notably in the ease of Kannmacher v. State, 51 Texas Crim. Rep., 118, 101 S. W. Rep., 238. But this charge has usually been criticised where it is included in a definition or instruction with reference to the distinctive difference between murder in the second degree and manslaughter. We should nоt be inclined to reverse the case on the occurrence of these words, in what is otherwise, in respects complained of, a most admirable charge, but we suggest to the court in view of another trial that this language should be omittеd.

We think, however, that the ease must be reversed for the reason that the court failed to charge the jury that the State having introduced in evidence the written statement of appellant, in substance to the effect, that he had killed the deceased, but that such killing was an "accident, that the burden rests upon the State to disprove by the evidence the statement of the killing as explained in said statement. As far back as the case of Pharr v. State, 7 Texas Crim. App., 472, the follоwing charge given in that case, was approved as a correct enunciation of the law: “When the admissions or confessions of a party are introduced in evidence by the State, then the whole of the admissions or confessiоns are to be taken together, ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍and the State is bound by them unless they are shown to be untrue by the evidence; such admission or confessions are to be taken into consideration by the jury as evidence in connection with all the other faсts and circumstances of the case.” In the case of Pratt v. State, 50 Texas Crim. Rep., 227, 16 Texas Ct. Rep., 599, Judge Davidson reviews at some length the authorities in this State on this question. In that case he reaches the conclusion, as follows: “However, we are оf opinion that in all cases where admissions and confessions of a defendant are admitted in evidence against him, and such admissions or confessions contain exculpatory or mitigating statements, it would be proper and just to the defendant to instruct the jury as was requested in this case.” It was said in the case of Jones v. State, 29 Texas Crim. App., 20: “We do not wish to be understood as holding that in all cases where the admission or confession • of a defendant are admitted in evidencе against him, that it is necessary to give such or a similar instruction to the jury. What we decide is that in this case, in which the criminating evidence consists almost entirely of defendant’s admissions that he killed deceased, instruction should have been given, in view of the fact that the exculpatory portion of defendant’s statements about the homicide were not shown by the State’s evidence to be untrue.” It appears from an examination of the opinions that in very many of the cases an instruction had been requested to the effect, that where the State puts in evidence a statement or admission or confession of a defendant, that the burden rests on the State to show that the exculpatory statements therein contained are untrue; but we do not believe it is absolutely essential that such charge should be requested. It is *618 made by law the duty of the court to instruct the jury with reference to every issue of fact raised by the evidence. In this case such a charge wаs undoubtedly demanded by the facts, if it could ever be said to be required in any case. Here the State had put in evidence not only the declarations made by the defendant to his friends and neighbors, who had hurried to the scene of the unfortunate tragedy, but the prosecuting officers of Parker County had obtained from the appellant a statement in writing as to the events and circumstances of the homicide. This statement was made and subscribed to by appellant and is producеd in evidence by the State. They were not compelled to offer it, and when they do offer it, certainly the jury ought to be informed that being so introduced by the State, that the burden rests on them to disprove any exculpatory facts contained in such statement.

For the error of the court in refusing to give such instruction, the ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍judgment of the court below is reversed and the cause is remanded.

Reversed and remanded..