Colvin v. State
53 So. 2d 99
Ala. Ct. App.
1951
Check Treatment
HARWOOD, Judge.

This is an appeal from a decree of the lower court denying the appellant bail in a habeas corpus proceeding.

The appellant is now under indictment for murder in the first degree.

One of the rights wovеn firmly and clearly in our jurisprudential fabric is an accused’s right to bail. This right appears in the Constitution of every Stаte in this union', and in our federal constitution.

Section 16 of the Alabama Constitution of 1901 provides: “That all persоns shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, except ‍​​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​​​​​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​​​​‌​​​​​‍for capital offenses, when the proof is evident or the presumption great”. This is a -part of the Bill of Rights of our Constitution.

Section 195, Title 15, Cоde of Alabama 1940, erects an additional, though somewhat vague guidepost for the judge in considering the mаtter of allowance or disallowance of bail, in directing that “A defendant cannot be admitted to bail when he is charged with an offense which may be punished' by death, if the court or magistrate is of the opinion, оn the evidence adduced, that he is guilty of t'he offense [charged] in the degree punishable Capitally * * *»

Elеmental legal principles of course prohibit an interpretation of this code section a§. limiting thе basic right guaranteed in and under the terms of the Constitution, that is, that an accused is entitled to bail as an absоlute right, subject to the limitation appearing in the terms of the Constitution itself that he should be denied bail where-thе “proof is- evident” or “the presumption great”.

There are numerous decisions of our Supreme Court, and of this court, stating in general terms that it is proper to deny an application for bail when the judge hearing the ‍​​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​​​​​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​​​​‌​​​​​‍application would sustain a verdict of guilty and the imposition of the' death penalty by a jury on the еvidence presented in the hearing on the application for bail.

The real content of such generalization is made clearer by resort to some of our earlier cases.

In Ex parte McCrary, 22 Ala. 65, decided in 1853, the rule is stаted as follows: “The question, in contemplation of law, to be tried by the magistrates, on an application for bail, was not whether the accused must necessarily be punished with death — because this they could not know until after the trial — but whether he might be so punished, and probably would be under the proof.” (Italics ours).

In 1875, in Ex parte McAnally, 53 Ala. 495, Brickell, J., one of our clearest expositors of the law, in an opinion freely cited since in numerous of our cases, stated the rule in the following language: . .

“* * * The question, in legal contemplation, is on an application for bail, therefore, whether ‍​​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​​​​​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​​​​‌​​​​​‍the offense is of the character which may be punished capitally. Ex parte McCrary, 22 Ala. 65. Ascertaining that to. be the character of the offense imputed to the accused, the next inquiry is, is ‘the proof evident, or the рresumption great,’ of the defendant’s guilt. If it be not, whatever may be the probable cause to- detain him to answer before a tribunal competent finally to adjudge the inquiry, he is entitled not to a discharge, -but to bail. If the proof is evident, or the presumption great — if the evidence is clear and strong, leading a well guarded and dispassionate judgment to the conclusion that the offense has been committed, that the acсused is the guilty agent, and that he would probably be punished capitally if the laiv is administered, bail is not a matter of right.” (Italics ours).

The above doсtrines we think make it clear that the true meaning of “when *106 the proof is evident or the presumption great” to be that bail must be allowed unless the evidence is clear and strong and would lead to a well guarded and ‍​​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​​​​​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​​​​‌​​​​​‍disрassionate judgment reasonably compelling the conclusion that the offense has been committеd, that the accused is the guilty agent, and that he would probably be punished capitally if the law is administered.

Such also seems to have been the interpretation of the courts of our sister States placed on similar provisions in their respective constitutions. Seе 8 C.J.S., Bail, § 34, p. 56, Note 14; Vol. 34, Words and Phrases, “Proof is Evident.”

We judicially know that frequently •a Solicitor will agree to, or will recommend the allowance of bail in capital cas■es in which the evidence would warrant the death penalty, when the Solicitor has reasonable grounds to believe that if punishment were administered in accordance with the prevailing standards of punishment employed by juries there was little ■or no probability that any jury would impose the extreme penalty.

We have carefully studied the evidence submitted in the court below. No need arises to set this evidence out. Without any semblance of doubt we are clear to the conclusion that under the evidence presented and the legal principles applicаble this appellant was entitled to bail.

We wish also to state that the Attorney General representing the State on this appeal, has, with commendable candor, made known to this court that after ‍​​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​​​​​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​​​​‌​​​​​‍a study of this record the conclusion has been reached that under the evidence and governing legal principles' this appellant is' entitled to bail.

The judgment and decree of the court below denying appellant bail is reversed, and it is hereby ordered that the appellant be released upon his furnishing bail, in the amount of Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,-000.00) to be approved by the Circuit Judge below, or by the Sheriff of Tuscaloosa County in compliance with Section 194, Title 15, Code of Alabama 1940.

Reversed and remanded with instructions.