Habeas corpus proceedings from Knox County Supreme Judicial Court in vacation and brought forward to this court on report upon facts agreed, R. S., 1944, Chap. 91, Sec. 14, and certified for immediate decision by agreement of Counsel.
Wade
v.
Warden of State Prison,
Dennis Collins, a minor, brought a petition for a writ of habeas corpus against Allan L. Robbins, Warden of the Maine State Prison, in usual form on July 24, 1951, and, on said petition the writ of habeas corpus was ordered to issue forthwith. On the same day the Warden produced the body of Dennis Collins before the court and made the usual return, attaching thereto a certified copy of the mittimus under which said Dennis Collins was detained. A brief hearing was had in which Dennis Collins testified that at the time of his indictment for the murder of his father he was thirteen years old and that the date of his birth was February 23, 1937.
The record as reported includes the petition for the writ, the writ, the return of the writ by the Warden of the State Prison, with a certified copy of the mittimus, the record of the original case in Knox County Superior Court and the facts taken out at the hearing. It also includes a stipulation that said Dennis Collins was arraigned in the Rockland *165 Municipal Court on October 30, 1950, on the charge of murder and that he was bound over to the grand jury of the Superior Court, November Term, Knox County, 1950.
The Knox County records of the Superior Court for the November Term, 1950, disclose that the grand jury indicted Dennis Collins for murder and that counsel was appointed by the court to represent said Dennis Collins. Upon arraignment said Dennis Collins pleaded guilty to the crime of manslaughter which plea thе court accepted and sentenced him to be confined to hard labor in the State Prison at Thomaston for the term of not less than five years and not more than ten years and a mittimus for his commitment was duly issued and said Dennis Collins was duly committed under said mittimus.
The petition for the writ of habeas corpus allegеs in the usual form that the petitioner, Dennis Collins, is now unlawfully imprisoned in the Maine State Prison at Thomas-ton, and the petitioner, Dennis Collins, now contends that the Superior Court for the County of Knox, when it accepted his plea of manslaughter to the indictment charging murder, was without jurisdiction to impose sentence because judges of municipal courts within their respective jurisdictions have exclusive original jurisdiction of all offenses, except for a crime, the punishment for which may be imprisonment for life or any term of years committed by children under the age of 17 years. Thus, the petitioner’s claim involves the construction of the second paragraph of R. S., 1944, Chap. 133, Sec. 2, as amended by Chap. 334 of th'e Public Laws of 1947, the pertinent part as amended reading as follows:
“Judges of municipal courts within their respective jurisdictions shall have exclusive original jurisdiction over all offenses, except for a сrime, the punishment for which may be imprisonment for life or for any term of years, committed by children under the age of 17 years, and when so exer *166 cising said jurisdiction shall be known as juvenile courts. Any adjudication or judgment under the provisions of sections 4 to 7, inclusive, shall be that the child was guilty of juvenile delinquency, and no such adjudication or judgment shall be deemed to constitute a conviction for crime.”
No question is raised by the petitioner as to the jurisdiction of the Superior Court of Knox County over the crime of murder for which he was charged in the indictment found by the grand jury at the November 1950 Term. This court recently declared in Wade v. Warden of State Prison, supra, that murder was an offense clearly excepted from the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts and set forth at length in that exhaustive opinion the interpretation of Revised Statutes and Public Laws last cited with respect to the respective jurisdictions of the Superior and Municipal Courts over a juvenilе charged with the crime of manslaughter. In other words, the petitioner’s claim now is that he could not be legally sentenced after his accepted plea of manslaughter to an indictment charging him with murder because the Superior Court of Knox County by its action in accepting his plea of manslaughter was without jurisdiction to further act and dispose of the case, the exclusive original jurisdiction over the offense being by law vested in the judges of the Municipal Courts.
The petitioner, Dennis Collins, was charged with murder. He was first taken before the Rockland Municipal Court, arraigned and bound over to the grand jury for thе November 1950 Term of Knox County Superior Court. At that time the Superior Court of Knox County had exclusive original jurisdiction of this particular crime of murder, it being excepted in the act granting jurisdiction to the judges of the municipal courts over offenses committed by children under the age of seventeen years. See R. S., 1944, Chap. 133, Sec. 2, as amended,
supra.
We, therefore, hold that the Superior Court of Knox County had exclusive original ju
*167
risdiction of the crime of murder. Therefore, at the time of the arraignment of the petitioner, Dennis Collins, for the crime of murder on the indictment found by the grand jury of said Knox County the jurisdiction of the Superior Court with respect to the crime charged was the same as if the so-called juvenile court laws referred to and cited herein had not been enacted. In other words, the jurisdiction of said Superior Court was in no way changed. See
State
v.
Rand and Henry,
1934,
The question now before us seems to be, was the Superior Court for Knox County without jurisdiction to impose sentence when it accepted the petitioner’s plea of guilty of manslaughter to the indictment charging murder?
It has long been accepted as a well known principle of law that
“the jurisdiction of a court depends upon the state of affairs existing at the time it is invoked, and if the jurisdiction once attaches to the person and subject matter of the litigation, the subsequent happening of events, though they are of such a character as would have prevented jurisdiction from attaching in the first instance, will not operate to oust the jurisdiction alrеady attached. This is the statement of the rule that subsequent events will never defeat jurisdiction already acquired.” 12 Encyclopedia of Pleading and Practice, Page 171.
The Supreme Court of Missouri, in
State
v.
Wear,
1898, 145 Missouri, 162, 205,
“The pendency of a cause in a court where jurisdiction exists, and has been acquired in a lawful manner is a test of the continuаnce of such jurisdiction, and of its valid exercise until final disposition is made of the cause, no matter how flagrant may be the errors which attend the exercise of such jurisdiction, nor how numerous and obvious *168 may be the errors with which the record abounds, because the jurisdiction to decide right, being once conceded, such concession necessarily embraces the power to decide wrong, and a wrong decision though voidable, and though it may be avoided, yet until avoided is equally as binding as a right one; it cannot be attacked collaterally; the only way its binding force can be escaped or avoided is by appeal or writ of error.”
The Court of Appeals of Kentucky, in
Stewart, Pros. Atty., et al.
v.
Sampson, Judge et al.,
1941,
“The term (jurisdiction) applies to both the litigant in the cause and to its subject matter, by which is meant that a court, before it may exercise judicial power to determine a cause pending before it, must have authority to deal with and determine the questiоns relating to the subject matter of the litigation, and also must in some way have the litigant whose interest is involved in the subject matter properly brought into court, and which is usually designated as ‘jurisdiction of the person.’ Therefore (employing the usual terms with reference thereto), a court may not proceed to determine a matter before it unless it has ‘jurisdiction of the person’ as well as ‘jurisdiction of the subject matter.’ ”
“To begin with, it should be borne in mind that the term ‘jurisdiction’, as applied to judicial tribunals, emanates exclusively from the constitution and legally enacted statutes of the sovereignty of the forum.14 Am. Jur. 868 , § 169.”
“Teсhnical jurisdiction, therefore, is the power and authority on the part of the court to hear and judicially determine and dispose of the cause pending before it, and which power and authority must be conferred in the manner hereinbefore stated.”
The Supreme Court of Florida in
Tidwell
v.
Circuit Court of DeSoto County, et al.,
1942,
“The gravity of the offense was fixed at the time of its commission and the voluntary act on the рart of the defendant in making restoration to the person whose property was stolen has no influence upon the nature of the crime or the jurisdiction of the court in which the matter should be tried, but only serves to diminish the character of the punishment if the defendant is eventually convicted.”'
To the same effect see
Harmon
v.
State,
1918, 8 Alabama Appellate Court Reports, 311,
In 16 Corpus Juris, Criminаl Law, Par. 247, Page 182, in speaking of a conviction of an offense below jurisdiction or within jurisdiction of the lower court, we find the following statement:
“Where the court has jurisdiction of the crime for which accused is indicted, it is not lost if on the evidence he is convicted of a crime of an inferior grade оf which it would not have jurisdiction originally,----.” See cases cited in note.
To the same effect, see 22 Corpus Juris Secundum, Criminal Law, Par. 169, Page 264.
In
Carson, Petitioner,
1944,
“The jury may acquit the defendant of part and find him guilty of the residue. 1 Chit. C. L. 637. Where the accusation includes an offense of an inferior degree, the jury may discharge the defendant of the higher crime and convict him on the less atrocious. 2 Hale, 203. This rule applies in all cases where the minor offense is necessarily an elеmental part of the greater, and when proof of the greater necessarily establishes the minor.”
In the instant case the petitioner- was charged with murder. Under our law the crime of murder includes manslaughter.
State
v.
Conley,
1854,
“The evidence failing to substantiate the greater offеnse, the jury, under the instructions of the court, returned a verdict for an assault and battery. ---------It is a verdict for a lesser offense embraced in a larger one, and as such is sustained by the authorities;---.”
The New Hampshire Court goes on to say, Page 100, in speaking of higher offenses which involved the construction of a New Hampshire statute relating to the jurisdiction of justices of the peace under the statute:
*171 “It does not apply to higher offenses, (enumerating them). An indictment may be found in all such cases without any preliminary examination before a magistrate; and if upon the trial the evidence fails to sustain the indictmеnt to the full extent, the court are not thereby ousted of their jurisdiction. The grand jury find the matter as it appears before them, and present to the court an indictment for an offense, which requires no preliminary proceedings before a justice of the peace, and of which the court havе jurisdiction in the first instance; and having that jurisdiction it is not in any way affected by the result of the trial.”
The cases cited and commented upon up to this point indicate that the accused has been found guilty of the lesser or included offense by the jury but it is a well settled principle of law requiring no citation of authоrities that the accused may plead guilty or confess to an inferior or lesser crime provided the court having jurisdiction is willing for good cause shown to accept the plea and there is no reason why an indictment charging murder which necessarily includes the lesser offense of manslaughter and сontains everything essential to establish the guilt of the petitioner, would not have the legal effect, if the petitioner were permitted to plead guilty to manslaughter, of acquitting the petitioner of the charge of murder. See Carson, petitioner, supra.
The petitioner through his counsel strongly urges that this court adopt the holding оf the Louisiana Court in
State
v.
Dabon,
1927,
As a result of our examination of the authorities and cases cited herein we are of the opinion that the Tennessee Rule is the correct rule and we, therefore, hold and declare that the jurisdiction of the Superior Court of Knox County was in no way changed when it accepted from the petitioner, a juvenile under the age of seventeen years, a plea of guilty of manslaughter to an indictment charging murder and we further hold and declare that jurisdiction as we have defined it in this opinion cannot be lost or ousted under such circumstances as are described herein, and once having attached it continues until the final disposition of the cause.
We said in
Wallace
v.
White,
1916,
“If a court has jurisdiction of the person and cause, the fact that the sentence is excessive or otherwise erroneous is not ground for discharge on habeas corpus. A writ of habeas corpus cannot reach errors or irregularities which render proceedings voidable merely, but only such defects in substance as render the judgment or process absolutely void.”
“It is the judgment of the court which authorizes detention. - - - - The judgment is the real thing,----. The important question оn habeas corpus is, is the prisoner in the custody where the judgment commanded him to be put,----.”
See also
Cote
v.
Cummings,
1927,
*173 We hold that the commitment of the petitioner was properly made under a valid judgment. It necessarily follows that the mandate will be
Writ discharged. Petitioner remanded to the custody of the Warden of Maine State Prison in execution of sentence.