14 Wis. 700 | Wis. | 1862
By the Court,
Section 18 of the general banking law, chapter 71, Revised Statutes, declares: “ The stockholders in every corporation or association organized under the provisions of this chapter, shall be individually responsible, to the amount of their respective share or shares of stock, for all its indebtedness and liabilities of every kind.” This is an action at law founded upon this section, instituted by the plaintiff as a creditor of the City Bank of Racine, a corporation organized under the act, against the defendant, an individual stockholder, to recover a debt due from the bank; and the questions presented relate to the nature of the liability imposed and the form of remedy to be pursued. Other questions are presented by the case, but the disposition we make of these renders their consideration unnecessary.
We are of opinion that the liability is primary and absolute, and attaches the moment the debt is contracted by the bank — that it is a liability of all the stockholders to all the creditors, on the principle of co-partnership, the stockholders standing on substantially the same footing as though they were partners or an incorporated association, save only that the responsibility of each is limited to a sum equal to his share or shares of stock. Subject to this limitation they are answerable as original and principal debtors, and their liability more nearly resembles that of co-partners than any other with which it can be compared. These positions, it is believed, are fully sustained by the following authorities:— Marcy vs. Clark, 17 Mass., 330; Allen vs. Sewall, 2 Wend., 327; Sewall vs. Allen, 6 Wend., 335; Moss vs. Oakley, 2 Hill, 265; Hager vs. McCullough, 2 Denio, 119; Corning vs. McCullough, 1 Coms., 47; Matter of Empire Bank, 18 N. Y. 218; Mokelumne Co. vs. Woodbury, 14 Cal., 265; Wright vs. Field, 7 Porter’s Ind., 376; Planter’s Bank vs. Bivingsville Man. Co., 10 Rich. Law, 95; and cases hereafter cited.
In coming to these conclusions in opposition to the decisions of the courts of New York in Bank of Poughkeepsie vs. Ibbotson, 24 Wend., 273, and subsequent cases, we have yielded to what we deem the better considered and more rational and satisfactory decisions of the Supreme Court of
It is worthy of observation that these decisions are placed entirely upon the provisions of statute creating the liability, and were made without reference to any other statute indicating that the proceeding in equity was that intended by the legislature; it being considered, from the nature of the obligation imposed, that the equitable remedy alone was applicable, and that the legislature impliedly adopted it. We are not required to go so far, since we have a statute which plainly points to the equitable process as that which the legislature designed should be used. Sections 21 to 82 inclusive, of chapter 148 of the Revised Statutes, clearly refer to proceedings of this nature, and point out the several steps to be taken, which must be in a court of equity. These provisions were in force at the time the banking law was enacted, as sections 9 to 20 of chapter 114 of the Revised Statutes of 1849, and it must be presumed that in creating the liability the legislature intended to adopt the remedy prescribed by them.
Although we do not intend to criticise the opinions of the courts of New York, we may with propriety suggest that the inconvenience and delays suffered by the smaller creditors in consequence of being deprived of their action at law, and compelled to resort to equity, are perhaps compensated by the certainty which they have of receiving their due proportion of the funds realized. The door to favoritism and preferences, as between stockholders and different creditors,
We are of opinion that this action cannot be maintained, and that the judgment of the circuit court must be reversed, and the cause remanded with directions that it be dismissed.