Coleman v. Fischer
63 A.2d 687
Pa. Super. Ct.
1948
Check Treatment

Opinion by

Fine, J.,

The only question in this compensation case is whether the claimhnt, although off the premises, was actually engaged in the furtherance of the business of his employer when injured- The referee, concluding the injury occurred during the course of employment, made an award which was affirmed by the board and by the *263 court below. Tbe employer and tbe insurance carrier have appealed from tbe judgment on tbe compensation award. We will summarize sucb of tbie uncontradicted facts as are relevant to tbe disputed question.

James N. Coleman, claimant, on November 19,1945, was employed as a mechanic by F. J. Fiscber, doing business as Fiscber Garage in Perrysville, Pennsylvania. His regular hours of employment were from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. During tbe evenings be usually worked at the Airways Garage, immediately adjoining appellant’s garage. On November 19, 1945, about noon, claimant walked to tbe grocery store of Joseph C. Haas, approximately one-half mile from appellant’s garage to make á purchase. At that time Haas requested claimant to take bis automobile to the Fiscber Garage for regular state inspection. Claimant obliged and the car was duly inspected during that afternoon by Fiscber. Tbe same evening at 5:30 p.m., as Coleman was about to leave the garage, Fiscber took tbe keys' tó the Haas car off a book upon which keys to inspected cars were usually placed, banded Coleman tbe keys and stated: “Don’t forget yoii got to take this car down.” Tbe Haas automobile was parked- aiong tbe highway directly across from appellant’s' garage. Claimant accepted tbe keys from Fischer, took bis mechanic’s tools and left appellant’s premises. He intended to go to bis home almost directly across the highway from Fischer’s garage and to there deposit the tools- before réturning the Haas car to its owner. When half way across tbe highway, be was struck by an automobile and sustained serious injuries.

The referee and tbe board found that: “. . . F, J. Fiscber, banded to the Claimant, J ames N. Coleman, tbe automobile' keys of Joseph C. Haas whose automobile bad been that day inspected’ at the garáge of tbe Defendant, and reminded tbe Claimant that tbe automobile of tbe said Joseph C. Haas was to be returned to him at his place of business; subsequent to receiving tbe keys *264 from his employer and while in the act of returning his mechanic’s tools to a place of safety for the night, and in the opinion of your Referee during the course of his employment with the Defendant,. the Claimant was struck by an automobile, receiving a fracture of the tenth rib on the left side, a fracture of the lower left radius and ulna; a compound comminuted fracture of the left fibula and tibia; and numerous other lacerations, all of which rendered him . totally disabled, which total disability continued to the date of the last hearing in this matter and will continue, in the opinion of your Referee, for an indefinite period in the future, which your Referee finds as facts.” Stating the referee should have so found, the board made the following additional finding of fact: “That the accident, in which the claimant was injured, occurred on the public highway off the premises of the defendant employer, while the claimant was crossing the highway in possession of the keys to an automobile which he was about to deliver according to the directions of his employer and while he was carrying his tool kit to his home nearby.”

Appellants, relying upon Wimmer v. Upper Saucon Township School District, 116 Pa. Superior Ct. 553, 176 A. 840, and Lillian Haley v. City of Phila., 107 Pa. Superior Ct. 405, 163 A. 917, contend that Coleman at the time of the accident was not “actually engaged in the furtherance of the business or affairs of the employer ... .” for the reasons that: (1) Coleman was a volunteer; (2) he was engaged in an independent mission for Haas, a third party; and (3) the employer’s statement, “Don’t forget you got to take this car down,” as he handed claimant the keys to the car, was not evidence of a direction on the part of the employer which imposed upon Coleman an. obligation to deliver the car to Haas, but, at most, a suggestion that the same be done. These contentions cannot be sustained.

*265 The car was taken by the claimant at the request of Haas to the Fischer Garage where Fischer made the requested inspection for which the latter was paid. Fischer himself testified: “When I got the car,;we took the keys out of the car and put them on a hook. When it was time to go home, I got the keys off the hook — I said: ‘Don’t forget you got to take this car down.’ Q; . . . you handed him the keys and told him not to forget the car was to be returned . . .? A. That’s right.” Fischer testified further: “Q. Why. did you give the keys to .Mr. Coleman when you closed up .the garage that night? A. Because he had the car to deliver.” Appellants revealed that upon prior occasions mechanics would call for and deliver cars.

Whether there is evidence to sustain the findings of the board that claimant’s injuries occurred in the furtherance of his employer’s business is a question of law. If, from the testimony adduced, facts have been fairly found by the board they will not be disturbed, notwithstanding that independent consideration by this Court might have resulted in different findings. Moore v. Hunt Mining Company, 163 Pa. Superior Ct. 94, 99, 60 A. 2d 560; Lambing v. Consolidation Coal Co., 161 Pa. Superior Ct. 346, 54 A. 2d 291. “The ultimate answer to the question whether an employee came to his death either within or outside the course of his employment rests upon a finding of fact as well as a conclusion- of law and on the latter aspect is peviewable by the courts. Callihan v. Montgomery, 272 Pa. 56, 115 A. 889. ‘In each instance the question of law is presented as to whether or not the underlying findings of fact are sufficient to bring the case, within the statutory definition; but this, however, does not warrant any interference by the courts with those findings, whether they be based on proved facts or inferences therefrom’: Flucker v. Carnegie Steel Co., 263 Pa. 113, 106 A. 192”: Krchmar v. Oakland Beach Co., 155 Pa. Superior Ct. 430, 433, 38 A. 2d 710. “No *266 general formula has been developed which will enable us to determine readily whether an accident off the premises occurred in the course of employment even though the elementary facts are not in dispute. Experience has shown that many cases involving this question must be disposed of on their own peculiar facts and the question is frequently, as it is here, a reasonably close one”: Healey v. Hudson Coal Co., 130 Pa. Superior Ct. 462, 464, 465, 198 A. 684. As stated in Lemmon v. State Workmen’s Insurance Fund, 164 Pa. Superior Ct. 254, 63 A. 2d 684: “In resolving that difficulty we must review the evidence in the light most favorable to the claimant for whom the compensation authorities have found (Hockenberry v. State Workmen’s Insurance Fund, 133 Pa. Superior Ct. 249, 2 A. 2d 536) and give him the benefit of every inference reasonably deducible therefrom. Paulin v. Williams & Co., 122 Pa. Superior Ct. 462, 186 A. 415; Schubert v. Oswald & Hess Co., 161 Pa. Superior Ct. 309, 54 A. 2d 113.”

Was the claimant on the errand of, or about to perform some uncompleted business of his employer; in other words, was he actually engaged in the furtherance of the latter’s business or affairs at the time of the injury? Was he about to deliver the Haas car voluntarily or because of the direction and at the request of Fischer? “The mere fact of employment is not enough to justify an award of compensation, for the injury must be inflicted while engaged in the course of it: Lillian Haley, Appellant, v. City of Phila., 107 Pa. Superior Ct. 405, 163 A. 917; Shoffler v. Lehigh Valley Coal Co., 290 Pa. 480, 139 A. 192. The term ‘course of employment’ is defined in an exhaustive opinion by Mr. Justice Kephart in the case of Palko v. Taylor-McCoy Coal & Coke Co., 289 Pa. 401, 137 A. 625, wherein he says, p. 404: ‘The question for us to determine is whether the deceased was killed in the' course of employment or when actually engaged in furthering the business of the *267 employer while off the premises... The act specifically requires an employee to be actually so engaged if he is injured while off the employer’s premises: Maguire v. James Lees & Sons Co., 273 Pa. 35.... The term “course of employment” has a necessary relation to the fact of employment while on the premises and a still closer relation to the fact of employment when an injury occurs off the premises. In the latter case, the employee must be actually engaged in his master’s business.’ ”: Cohen v. Cen. Home Furn. Co., 146 Pa. Superior Ct. 499, 502, 23 A. 2d 70.

The liability of the employer to his employe ends when the latter leaves his working place, unless, after departing the premises, he was incidentally performing some act for the employer under his contract of service or unless he was undertaking some special duty after his regular work was completed as directed by his employer: Cronin v. America n Oil Co., 298 Pa. 336, 148 A. 476.

Applying the foregoing principles in evaluation of the evidence, we are satisfied that the findings of the compensation authorities are sustained by sufficient competent evidence. The uncontradicted testimony shows that at the time claimant was injured .off the premises he had not yet completed his duties to his employer. Claimant was not off appellant’s premises solely for the purpose of returning his tool kit to his home; he was crossing the highway on a matter directly and most, intimately connected with and in furtherance of his employer’s business. Cf. Fritsche v. O’Neill, 147 Pa. Superior Ct. 153, 24 A. 2d 131. When injured the claimant was on a mission at the direction and request of his employer to deliver Haas’ car, which act was in aid of and to the interest of his employer’s business.

Fischer’s intention, deducible from his instructions to the claimant, when handing to the latter the keys to the Haas car, clearly supports the conclusion that Fischer *268 requested and directed claimant to deliver the inspected automobile to Haas. The claimant was therefore acting for all practical purposes under the orders of his employer and was carrying out the assigned mission, at the employer’s request and direction, as he proceeded to deliver the car to Haas. Claimant’s actions were not those of a mere volunteer, for his own convenience, nor as his courtesy to Haas; they represented the normal conduct of an employe performing obligations imposed by an employer. As stated in Zapos v. Demas, 106 Pa. Superior Ct. 183, 189, 161 A. 753: “We are of opinion, upon a careful consideration of all the facts, that the service in which [claimant] was engaged at the time of his accidental injury was such an incidental errand, and so closely related to the general business and affairs of his employer, that a proper application of the law to the established facts results in the conclusion that he was within the course of his employment to such an extent as to render his employer and the insurance carrier liable for compensation to [him]. This was not a personal or roving errand disconnected from the business of the employer, but the performance of a duty which, we think, was within the risk undertaken by the insurance carrier.”

Judgment affirmed.