153 N.Y.S. 957 | N.Y. App. Div. | 1915
Lead Opinion
The complaint alleges that in the month of February, 1912, the defendants procured one Margolin to employ the plaintiff to make pot cheese from that date until December 1, 1912, for which service it was agreed by the defendants, through their said agent Margolin, that the plaintiff was to receive three cents per can for all milk made into cheese. To such allegation the defendants interposed a general denial. The right of the plaintiff to recover was dependent upon his employment by the defendants. A vital issue, therefore, was the authority of Margolin to bind the defendants by a contract with plaintiff for the performance of such service. In order to establish such authority the plaintiff called Margolin as a witness. To the question of plaintiff’s attorney inquiring for whom the witness hired the plaintiff the defendants interposed the objection that the question was improper and incompetent at this time, no authority having been shown as yet. The record subsequent to the objection is as follows:
“ The Court: If they fail to show that they had any authority I will sustain the objection. Q. Who told you to hire him ?- A. Canno. [Cross-examination by defendants’attorney]: Q. Did you have a talk with Canno about it ? A. I did not go there—
This testimony of Margolin, so far as it is claimed to establish the non-existence of the letter, is most unsatisfactory. The period of two years during which he said he had them, did not expire as to the letter until more than a year after the first trial, nor until about the time of the second trial. When Mar
The plaintiff testified that one of the defendants was at the Pulton creamery at various times prior to the first day of July and at times talked with plaintiff and told him how he wanted the cheese made, and that the payment of plaintiff for services rendered was made by defendant by its check for his March, April and May services. The latter two checks which were offered in evidence by the plaintiff were made by the defendant Oanno Dairy, payable to the order of A. P. Pulton and bore the following indorsement: “ Pay to the order of 0. Cole, employee of Oanno Dairy Co. A. P. Fulton, 0. Cole,” indicating that as early as May tenth a misunderstanding existed as to whether Pulton or the defendants were the employers of the plaintiff. After July first the defendants sent no cans in which to pack and ship the cheese, and, hence, the plaintiff ceased making cheese, and from that time until December first, a period of five months, the sole duty performed by the plaintiff for the defendants and which represents approximately five-sixths of his claim, consisted in going daily to the Fulton creamery, pulling the plug from the defendants’ vat, thus allowing the skimmed milk which Pulton had run into the vat the preceding day to run out, washing the vat, returning the plug, and going back home. While it is claimed to be a question of
The defendants were entitled to insist that every reasonable effort for the discovery or production of the letter, without success, had been exhausted before parol evidence of its contents was admitted. Margolin was an interested witness to the extent at least of justifying his action in employing plaintiff, and avoiding liability to plaintiff for assuming the authority to employ plaintiff in case he did not have it; and the defendants were entitled to have the letter produced if it could be done by a search through the witness’ papers left at Beech Ridge. Secondary evidence as to the contents of the letter was only admissible when such was the best evidence attainable after reasonable effort to obtain the original had been exhausted. For aught that appeared, the letter was still at Margolin’s former residence. It was there when last seen, and that was the place where search should naturally first be made for it. In the absence of all proof indicating its loss, or destruction, and of the conditions under which it was left at Beech Ridge, which may have been of a character which insured its preservation, rather than its loss, it may still be presumed to be there.
This was the second trial of the case, the first having been had in Justice Court in January, 1913, and presumably the plaintiff was aware upon the trial in County Court in February, 1914, of the importance of the evidence claimed to be afforded by the letter. “ The general rule is that the party alleging the loss of a material paper, where such proof is necessary for the purpose of giving secondary evidence of its contents, must show that he has in good faith exhausted, to a reasonable
In the case of Dishaw v. Wadleigh (15 App. Div. 205, 211) the witness testified: “I can’t tell where the letter is; don’t know where it is; don’t think I could find it. I think it has been destroyed, but I am not sure. * "* * I have not been asked to produce those letters here. I have destroyed some of the letters, and some I have not.” The court, in its opinion reversing the judgment, said: “ This evidence does not show that any effort whatever was made to produce the letters, or ascertain that they could not be found. I think it was error to receive such evidence, and error not to have stricken it out upon the defendant’s motion. [Kearney v. Mayor, 92 N. Y. 617.) The evidence gave color to the transaction in controversy, and was well calculated to influence the jury, and for such error the judgment and order should be reversed and a new trial granted.”
It would certainly be establishing a dangerous precedent to permit a writing vital to the maintenance of a cause of action to be established by parol until some satisfactory proof of its loss or of inability to produce it had been made, or at least some effort to ascertain whether the writing were still in existence.
For the reasons stated, the judgment and order appealed from should be reversed, with costs to the appellants to abide the result.
All concurred, except Kellogg, J., who dissented in memorandum, in which Howard, J., concurred.
Dissenting Opinion
Plaintiff was employed in February, 1912. The trial was in February, 1914. Margolin concededly was in the employ of the defendants making cheese at the Fulton factory. He taught the plaintiff how to make cheese and employed him as defendants’ cheese maker in his place. At the factory the skimmed milk was run into the defendants’ vats and plaintiff made cheese from it, which defendants marketed. The plaintiff acted as defendants’ cheese maker from February until July first and was recognized by them as their employee. Each
A reversal of the judgment in favor of the plaintiff is urged upon the ground that it does not appear that Margolin had authority to employ the plaintiff. Margolin swears that the defendants wrote him authorizing the employment; that he had not seen the letter since he received it two years before; that he did not save it; that he was now living at Youngsville; that he knew he had not the letter and that it was not at his residence; that when he left Beech Ridge he left all “ these papers ” there. He does not know whether the letter is there or not. It is improbable that papers left at his former residence two years before were in existence or were available for production. If we infer that at Beech Ridge he was in the employ of the defendants and left there “these papers ” relating to the employment, the letter, if inexistence, is with the defendants and not with the witness. I think the letter was sufficiently accounted for and that it was competent for Margolin to swear that he was authorized to make the employment. If Margolin had not original authority, the defendants have ratified the employment. At least there is enough evidence of the employment prima facie to put the defendants to proof. I favor an affirmance.
Howard, J., concurred.
Judgment and order reversed and new trial granted, with costs to appellants to abide event.