55 S.E. 126 | S.C. | 1906
September 11, 1906. The opinion of the Court was delivered by The plaintiff in his complaint seeks to recover the sum of $1,000, together with costs, as damages for the killing of his horse by the defendant on the crossing of the defendant's railway over a public highway, in the town of Pendleton, in this State, on the 20th of July, 1904. It is also alleged that the engine and tender of the defendant at the time of the killing of the horse was being run recklessly and at a high rate of speed, and that neither the bell nor the whistle of the engine was sounded, as required by law, at the time of such collision.
The defendant in its answer admits its corporation under the laws of this State, and also the killing of plaintiff's horse by a collision at the crossing of a public road and defendant's *158 line of railway, but it denies that such road is a public highway and is much used by the people. It also denies that the engine of the defendant struck the plaintiff's horse and buggy while the engine was being negligently and recklessly run by the defendant at a high rate of speed in the town and over said highway crossing; and also it denied the failure to ring the bell and sound the whistle on said engine for the distance of 500 yards from the said crossing and to keep the same ringing or sounding until the engine crossed said highway. It also alleges that the plaintiff's damage was caused by his own gross negligence contributing therewith as proximate cause of the action.
The cause came on for trial before his Honor, Judge Dantzler, and a jury. Both sides offered testimony tending to prove the respective issues of the parties litigant. After a charge by the Judge, the verdict of the jury was for the plaintiff for $200. After entry of judgment thereon, the defendant appealed upon two grounds, and these we will now consider.
"I. The presiding Judge erred in charging the jury, in relation to the alleged statutory ground of liability, that the plaintiff would be entitled to punitive damages if the jury found that the failure of the defendant to give the signals required by Section 2132 was the result of wilfulness, wantonness or recklessness. Specifications: (1) The complaint does not allege either wilfulness or wantonness. (2) The statute, section 2139, does not allow or warrant recovery under it of punitive damages for a neglect to comply with section 2132; under it there can be a recovery of actual damages only, and for neglect only to give the signals. It is a statute of exceptional liability, and contains no provision for punitive damages for a wilful, wanton or reckless failure to give the signals."
We might remark just here, that the plaintiff respondent insists that it is unnecessary to consider this exception because he alleges that it was harmless error, even if we admit that it was error, for the Circuit Judge to so charge, as *159 herein complained of, because it is evident from the testimony introduced in the case that the jury only gave a verdict for the value of the horse killed, thus eliminating any question as to punitive damages. There is no question that the plaintiff alone introduced testimony as to the value of the horse killed. Several witnesses testified that the horse was worth $200. No one gave testimony as to a less or greater value of the horse killed than $200. The defendant offered no testimony on this issue.
In disposing of this point raised by the plaintiff respondent, we must remark that the decision of this Court in Bonham
v. Bishop,
Recurring to the exception itself, we are inclined to hold that there was no error in the Circuit Judge as here complained *160 of, for section 2139, of Code of Laws of S.C. vol. 1, provides: "If a person is injured in his person or property by collision with the engine or cars of a railroad corporation at a crossing, and it appears that the corporation neglected to give the signals required by this chapter and that such neglect contributed to the injury, the corporation shall be liable for all damages caused by the collision, or to a fine recoverable by an indictment, as provided in the preceding section, unless it is shown that, in addition to a mere want of ordinary care, the person having charge of his person or property was, at the time of the collision, guilty of gross or wilful negligence, or was acting in violation of the law; and that such gross or wilful negligence or unlawful act contributed to the injury."
The signals referred to in section 2139 are set out in section 2132. The Circuit Judge was laying down the law relating to punitive damages as well as actual damages. There is no limitation or restriction in the statute relative to the character of damages to be recovered. Indeed, the language used would seem to imply and to cover all damages, and we so hold. The term "reckless" was charged in the complaint, and although the words "wilful" and "wanton" were not included in the complaint, the word "reckless" has been held sufficient to allow the jury to apportion exemplary damages as properly applicable thereto. The Circuit Judge in his charge defines punitive damages: Pickett v. Ry. Co.,
"II. The presiding Judge erred in charging the jury as follows: `Under the common law liability, if a defendant company is negligent, even if a defendant company fails to observe due care, yet if the plaintiff himself contributed to the injury as a proximate cause of the injury, as the immediate cause of it, then the plaintiff cannot recover. Although the defendant company is negligent itself, if the plaintiff contributed to the injury by his own negligence, as the proximate cause, or immediate cause, then he cannot recover. Specifications: (1) The error consists in not having given a proper definition of contributory negligence. It is a want of ordinary care upon the part of the person injured by the negligence of another, combining and concurring with that negligence and contributing to the injury as a (not the) proximate cause thereof; it can never exist except when the injury has resulted from the negligence of the defendant as a concurring proximate cause; the negligence of both, plaintiff and defendant, being a proximate cause and of the two combining and concurring, being the proximate cause.'" It does not seem to us that the Circuit Judge was in error, as here pointed out by the appellant. It would have been better for him to have adhered strictly to the language used by this Court in referring to contributory negligence, yet the language used is so near akin to that used by this Court that we scarcely feel justified in objecting to it. The Circuit Judge was not asked to give a definition of contributory negligence to the jury, yet he, in what he remarked *162 to the jury in this connection, pointed out the necessity of proximate cause. This exception must be overruled.
It is the judgment of this Court, that the judgment of the Circuit Court be affirmed.