The plaintiff in error was convicted of maintaining a place where intoxicating liquor was sold, and sentenced to pay a fine of $50 and imprisonment in the county jail for 60 days. Motion for a new trial was filed, considered, and overruled, and plaintiff in error appeals. The plaintiff in error will hereinafter in this opinion be referred to as the defendant.
Before this case was called for trial, the defendant filed his motion to suppress the evidence secured by the state on the ground that it was secured by an unlawful search and seizure. In the hearing on the motion to suppress, the officers admitted they had no warrant for the arrest of the defendant or his wife, or to search his home or the curtilage of his home, or to search his garage or cellar.
The testimony on the motion to suppress shows that on the night the alleged search was made the defendant and his wife had retired, and that car lights were flashed in the window of their home, and the wife called the defendant and told him a car light was in their yard. The officers said they were driving by the defendant’s home and there was a car stopped in front- of the house *335 and a cab in tbe driveway np near tbe defendant’s bouse. They stopped and got out and. entered upon the curtilage of tbe defendant’s borne for tbe purpose of investigating, and searched without a warrant for tbe arrest of tbe defendant or to search bis home or tbe curtilage. Tbe officers went to the door of tbe defendant’s home, and tbe defendant came to tbe door and tbe officers wanted to know what was going on there, and tbe defendant replied that be bad gotten up to see what tbe trouble was.
Tbe officer, in order to try to justify bis conduct and tbe search illegally started when be became a trespasser by entering upon tbe premises of tbe defendant without authority of law, undertakes to say tbe defendant said be could come in and search. The defendant says tbe officer told him be would have to search bis place and be replied that, “If you have to do so, go ahead and search,” or words to that effect.
The officers found about a pint and. a half of whisky in the home of the defendant. They claim to have found a pint of whisky in a barrel in tbe garage or somewhere around it, and, all told, they, found two and one-half pints of whisky in the defendant’s home, in bis garage and near it. . Some testimony was admitted showing they took a pint off of some fellow in a car on the defendant’s premises, in tbe driveway, and they found a pint in tbe yard. There was no evidence introduced by the state showing any crime was committed in tbe presence of tbe officers or any disturbance that would justify them in trespassing upon the premises of tbe defendant.
After a bearing upon the motion to suppress the evidence, tbe court overruled tbe same, and tbe defendant duly excepted, was placed on trial, tried, and convicted. In tbe trial of the case the testimony was in substance *336 the same as in the motion to suppress. The defendant objected to the introduction of the testimony in the trial, on the ground that it was unlawfully secured, which objection was by the court overruled and exceptions saved.
Eleven errors have been assigned by the defendant as grounds for reversal. The first and only assignment that it is deemed necessary to consider in this case is:
“That the court erred herein not sustaining the plaintiff in error’s motion to suppress the evidence.”
The admitted facts show that the officers became trespassers when they entered upon the premises of the defendant in the nighttime without a warrant for the arrest of the defendant, or to search his home, the cur-tilage, cellar, and garage.
The home of an individual is his castle, and he who enters the same must do so as provided by law (St. 1931, § 3221 et seq.), otherwise he becomes a law violator and trespasser and not entitled to* the protection of the law as an official. Officers of the law have no right, even though they may suspect that the party is violating' the law, to trespass upon the home and curtilage of the home unless armed with the proper legal authority to do- so.
This question has been before this court many times, and it would seem that men competent to be elected or appointed to an office would learn that, even though they may suspect a party has committed a crime, they cannot search his home, curtilage, garage, or cellar, without a search warrant, or until after he be placed under arrest.
In Strong v. State,
“The search of a car without warrant of arrest or search warrant or knowledge by the officer that it con *337 tained whisky held illegal, and evidence obtained should be excluded upon timely objection.”
In Whitford v. State,
“No search of the person or seizure of any article found thereon can be made on mere suspicion that the person is violating the prohibitory liquor laws in having intoxicating liquor in his possession, or without a search warrant, unless and until the alleged offender is in custody under a warrant of arrest, or' shall be lawfully arrested without a warrant as authorized by law.”
In this case the defendant may be guilty, but he is entitled to a fair and impartial trial according to law. Mosier v. State,
The defendant in this case is not charged with the possession of intoxicating liquor, nor is he charged with selling intoxicating liquor, but is charged under the statute with what is commonly known as maintaining a nuisance.
• There is no evidence of sale, and the quantity, of whisky claimed to have been found in his home is not sufficient to show a violation of the law, nor is the evidence of the finding of the small quantity of whisky at the defendant’s home sufficient to sustain a conviction of maintaining a public nuisance, in the absence of any evidence showing that on more than this occasion people were seen at defendant’s home or seen coming to and returning from defendant’s home at all hours of the day or night, or that people congregated at defendant’s home for the purpose of buying and drinking intoxicating liquors.
The testimony in this case is insufficient to sustain a conviction of maintaining a public nuisance. The motion óf the defendant to suppress the evidence of the state, on the ground that it was secured by an illegal search and *338 seizure, should have been sustained, as it is clearly shown by all the evidence that the search and seizure was, unlawful.
There is no competent testimony to sustain a conviction. For the reasons herein stated, the case is reversed and remanded, with directions to discharge the defendant.