Randy Steve Coats appeals the denial of his motion for new trial following his convictions for aggravated assault, making terroristic threats, and cruelty to children in the third degree. Coats contends that there was insufficient evidence that the crimes were committed on the date alleged in the indictment, and that the trial court erred in denying his motion for a continuance and in finding that he received effective assistance from his trial counsel. For the following reasons, we affirm.
On appeal from a criminal conviction, the evidence must be viewed in the light most favorable to support the jury’s verdict.
Rouse v. State,
Around 2:00 or 3:00 a.m., Coats suddenly came into the living room and began yelling at his stepson for watching television. Banging on the walls and screaming for everyone in the house to wake up, Coats then headed back down the hallway to the bedroom he shared with his wife. Because of the noise, Coats’s other two stepchildren were awakened and came out of their bedrooms to see what was going on.
When Coats went into his bedroom, his wife tried to calm him down and told him to go back to bed. Screaming at his wife, Coats grabbed a walking stick and began to beat her with it. Coats’s wife said that she was going to call 911, but Coats threatened to kill her if she made the call. Nevertheless, Coats’s wife was able to get free from Coats, call 911, and inform the dispatcher that she was being attacked.
During the violent altercation between Coats and his wife, Coats’s three stepchildren and the stepson’s friend gathered together in the living room, upset and frightened. Coats’s wife screamed for the four children to call 911 and to flee from the house. The stepson’s friend, however, heard Coats threaten to kill them if they called 911. The four children then ran from the house and up the street toward a nearby convenience store as Coats headed down the hallway toward them. Coats’s stepson called 911 as they ran up the street.
The children subsequently heard Coats start the engine on his truck and begin driving toward the convenience store. They hid behind some bushes near the store as a
After the police car stopped Coats’s truck, the children emerged from the bushes and spoke with a sheriffs deputy on the scene. The deputy then drove to Coats’s home and spoke with his wife, who told the deputy that Coats had beaten her with the walking stick and had threatened to kill her if she called 911. While speaking with Coats’s wife, the deputy observed that she had an abrasion on her right hand; red marks and bruising on her right arm; a large welt on her back; and a large knot and red spots on her head. The deputy took photographs of the most visible injuries.
Coats was arrested, indicted, and tried on one count of aggravated assault, five counts of making terroristic threats, and four counts of cruelty to children in the third degree. At trial, Coats’s wife, his three stepchildren, the stepson’s friend, and the sheriffs deputy testified concerning what had transpired. The state also introduced into evidence a recording of the 911 call made by Coats’s wife and the photographs of her injuries taken by the deputy. Lastly, the state introduced prior difficulties evidence reflecting that on a previous occasion, Coats had gotten into an altercation with his wife and had beaten her on the head with a firearm.
After hearing the evidence, the jury convicted Coats of the aggravated assault of his wife; of two counts of making terroristic threats to his wife and his stepson’s friend, respectively; and of four counts of cruelty to children in the third degree. The jury acquitted Coats of three counts of making terroristic threats relating to threatening statements he allegedly made to his three stepchildren. The trial court denied Coats’s motion for new trial, leading to this appeal.
1. Coats contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion for a directed verdict of acquittal because there was insufficient evidence that the offenses occurred on the night of July 9, 2008, the date referenced in the indictment. Coats emphasizes that the trial testimony reflected that the offenses occurred in the early morning hours of July 10, 2008, and, as a result, he contends that his convictions cannot stand. His argument is without merit.
“The general rule is that when the exact date of a crime is not a material allegation of the indictment, the crime may be proved to have taken place on any date prior to the return of the indictment, so long as the date is within the applicable statute of limitation.”
Wilt v. State,
2. Coats also contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion for a continuance so that he could locate and hire new counsel to replace his court-appointed counsel.
Motions for continuance based on insufficient time to hire or substitute counsel are addressed to the sound discretion of the trial judge, and the trial judge’s ruling will not be overturned absent an abuse of discretion. In addition, the trial judge may consider the conduct of a party in order to prevent a party from using the discharge and employment of counsel as a dilatory tactic. The party requesting the continuance must show that he exercised due diligence.
(Citation omitted.)
Choat v. State,
As an initial matter, Coats abandoned his motion for continuance and withdrew his request that his court-appointed attorney no longer represent him, after the trial court clarified a misconception that Coats had regarding how his court-appointed counsel would be compensated. A defendant cannot abandon a motion in the trial court and then argue on appeal that the failure to grant the motion was improper. See generally
Collins v. State,
In any event, Coats failed to show that he exercised due diligence in attempting to locate and hire new counsel. By the time that the trial commenced in January 2009, Coats’s court-appointed counsel had been representing him in various court proceedings since his arrest in July 2008. Coats also had previously been made aware of the impending trial date during the course of plea negotiations. Nonetheless, there is no evidence that Coats made any effort to seek out and hire new counsel prior to the day of trial. Indeed, he waited until the morning of the trial to inform his court-appointed counsel that he wanted new representation, and to request additional time from the trial court to locate and retain new counsel. In view of Coats’s dilatory conduct, the trial court was not required to grant a continuance, even if Coats had not abandoned his motion. See
Choat,
3. Coats contends that his trial counsel was ineffective by failing to present expert testimony at trial that he was suffering from delirium and confusion caused by drug-induced hypoxia at the time of the alleged crimes. Because Coats’s trial counsel made a reasonable strategic decision not to pursue a medical defense or present expert testimony on the issue, Coats cannot prove that he received ineffective assistance.
[T]o prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel, appellant must show counsel’s performance was deficient and that the deficient performance prejudiced him to the point that a reasonable probability exists that, but for counsel’s errors, the outcome of the trial would have been different. A strong presumption exists that counsel’s conduct falls within the broad range of professional conduct.
(Citation and punctuation omitted.)
Martinez v. State,
At the hearing on the motion for new trial, Coats presented expert testimony of an emergency room physician who had examined Coats after sentencing and who had reviewed his medical records, including records from an emergency room visit on July 1, 2008. On that visit, Coats had been treated for a severe nosebleed and had been prescribed Percocet, a narcotic pain reliever. The expert testified that based upon the
Coats’s trial counsel testified at the hearing that she had practiced criminal law for 19 years and in that time had tried hundreds of cases. Trial counsel testified that while she had cross-examined Coats’s wife about his medical history and use of prescription drugs, she had decided not to focus on the medical issue and instead chose to pursue the defense theory that Coats had not committed the alleged criminal acts. In this respect, trial counsel testified that she was aware of the possibility of presenting a medical defense through expert testimony based upon her pre-trial discussions with Coats’s wife and her review of the medical records, but chose not to present the defense for two reasons.
First, trial counsel believed that the medical defense would have been an affirmative defense requiring Coats to admit to the underlying criminal conduct alleged in the indictment. See
Burnette v. State,
Second, trial counsel had reviewed the case file pertaining to the prior difficulty between Coats and his wife and knew that Coats’s sentence had been reduced in mitigation in that case due to his misuse of a prescription medication. Given that there had been a prior altercation between Coats and his wife involving his misuse of a prescription medication, trial counsel believed that the jury likely would reject any medical defense she might present as nothing more than “a pattern of conduct” by Coats.
We conclude that trial counsel’s decision not to pursue a medical defense through expert testimony was a reasonable strategic one, and, therefore, did not constitute deficient performance. Tactical or strategic decisions by defense counsel “do not constitute deficient performance unless they are so patently unreasonable that no
competent attorney would have chosen them.” (Punctuation and footnote omitted.)
Nesbitt v. State,
The record reflects that Coats’s trial counsel made an informed decision not to pursue the medical defense through expert testimony based upon the representations made to her by Coats over the course of several client interviews, and in light of her assessment that a jury would be unlikely to view the defense as plausible. Under these circumstances, trial counsel’s strategic decision did not fall outside the wide range of reasonable professional assistance acceptable at trial. See
Martinez,
Judgment affirmed.
Notes
We also note that the indictment alleged that the crimes occurred “on or about” July 9, 2008. (Emphasis supplied.)
The statute of limitation for the aggravated assault and the making of terroristic threats against an adult victim is four years. See OCGA §§ 16-5-21 (b), (j), 16-11-37 (c), 17-3-1 (c);
Desalvo v. State,
The affirmative defense in question would have been either insanity or involuntary intoxication. See
Stewart v. State,
Because we have concluded that Coats failed to prove deficient performance by his trial counsel, we need not address Coats’s separate contention that the trial court applied the wrong legal standard for determining whether trial counsel’s alleged deficiency was prejudicial. See
Carson v. State,