27 Wash. 70 | Wash. | 1901
The opinion of the court was delivered by
Action for damages for personal injuries sustained by a passenger on a street car owned and operated by appellant. Judgment was asked for $15,000, and the jury returned a verdict of $5,700. Motion for new trial was overruled, judgment entered, and appeal taken.
Appellant’s first assignment of error is the admission by the court of testimony showing the pregnancy of the plaintiff, Mrs. Olukey, and the abortion alleged to have been suffered by her following the accident, and the suffering and injury incident thereto; it being contended that such damage, if any, was a special damage, and therefore that it should have been specially alleged. Without entering into a discussion of the fine distinctions which are sometimes drawn between special and general damages, and accepting the statements of the law cited by appellant from
“If the evidence tends to support any issue between the parties, or has a direct connection with other evidence competent to maintain the averments of the declaration,— either to illustrate its meaning or to ascertain its probative effect,- — it cannot be rejected as impertinent, or as founded upon matter that does not appear in the pleadings of the cause.”
The admission of the testimony complained of in this case was nothing more than permitting the plaintiff to show the resulting injuries from the accident, flowing naturally and proximately therefrom. As sustaining the court in the admission of the testimony complained of, see Missouri Pacific Ry. Co. v. Mitchell, 72 Tex. 171 (10 S. W. 411); Tobin v. Fairport, 12 N. Y. Supp. 224; Parker v. Ottumwa (Iowa), 85 N. W. 805 ; Denver & Rio Grande Ry. v. Harris, 122 U. S. 597 (7 Sup. Ct. 1286) ; Manley v. Delaware & H. Canal Co.; 69 Vt. 101 (37 Atl. 279); Ohio & M. Ry. Co. v. Hecht, 115 Ind. 443 (17 E. E. 297. And many other cases might be cited sustaining the same principle. It will be observed that the complaint alleges that plaintiff received other internal injuries, and that the defendant went to trial without ashing that the complaint be made more definite and certain, or attacking it in any way. Ender such circumstances, the testimony was plainly admissible.
The second assignment of error goes to the sustaining by the court of an objection to the following questions propounded by appellant’s attorney to Mr. Clukey, the husband of the injured plaintiff: “Mr. Clukey, were you pres
We will notice the third assignment hereafter. What we have said in relation to the first assignment may appropriately be applied to the fourth. The hypothetical questions objected to under assignment Yo. 5, while probably rather awkwardly constructed, we are satisfied were absolutely harmless, and violated no rule of law. The sixth assignment embraced an objection to the manner in which the attorney for respondents conducted the cross-examination of the medical experts appointed by the court. The counsel asked the expert if such authorities did not lay down certain rules, — reading the language of the rule from the author’s work, — and it is contended that it is an infraction of the rule of evidence against the admission of medical authorities. But we do not think the rule of law was announced to meet the practice of the kind complained of. These questions were propounded upon cross-examination for the purpose of testing the knowledge of the expert. It would have been competent for the attorney to have stated
As to the seventh assignment of error, it cannot be said, we think, that the alleged misconduct of counsel for the respondent in using the language which he did in his address to the jury will warrant a reversal of the cause. He had a right, of course, to tell the jury that they should give him a verdict for the full amount asked for in the complaint. Further remarks were objected to by counsel for defendant, when the court said, “The jury in this case will regulate their deliberations upon the evidence in this case, which this jury always does and it is insisted that the remark of the court, instead of being a rebuke to counsel for plaintiff, was rather a rebuke to counsel for defendant for interfering. We are inclined to think that the concluding clause of the court’s remark was not justified. At the same time, the jury were, in effect, told, and must have understood from the court, that a discussion of extrinsic matters was to be excluded from their deliberations. Under all the circumstances of the case we do not feel justified in sustaining this assignment of error. State v. Boyce, 24 Wash. 514 (64 Pac. 719) ; Taylor v. Ballard, 24 Wash. 191 (64 Pac. 143).
The following instruction is objected to in the ninth assignment:
“The general rule of law regarding the duty which railroad companies of this kind owe to their passengers may be stated in this way: Common carriers, in the operation*77 and running of their ears, and especially common carriers such as this, owe the duty to passengers whom they carry to use the highest degree of skill, care, and prudence in the running and in the operating of those cars, so as to- prevent injuries to those passengers.”
It is insisted that the last portion of this instruction, makes the defendant an insurer. But we think this is a strained construction of the instruction given, and that the expression “so as to prevent injuries to those passengers” neither adds to nor takes anything from the instruction which precedes it, and is entirely harmless.
The ninth assignment is disposed of hy what we have said in relation to- the first.
It is stated in the, third assignment that the complaint seeks to recover $150 expenses incurred for physicians’ services and medicines, rendered and to he rendered, and that the testimony of one Dr. O’Bourke, who was plaintifE’s physician, that his services were worth $200, and of Dr. Downey, the other of plaintifE’s physicians, that his hill for services was $125, taken in connection with the instruction of the court that plaintiffs might recover whatever expenses in the way of physicians’ services or medicines may have been proven to have been paid for, or for which a liability has been incurred, would justify the jury in incorporating in their judgment the amount of $325, instead of $150, the amount claimed in the complaint. We are not certain that the jury were misled in this respect hy the instructions of the court, hut as it does not affirmatively appear that they were not, the plaintiffs, in accordance with the offer heretofore made, will remit $175 from the judgment obtained.
The judgment will therefore he affirmed, less the amount of $175; the respondents to recover costs.