85 W. Va. 524 | W. Va. | 1920
The plaintiff sued defendant for damages for personal injuries and also damages to his automobile, the result of being struck at a street crossing in the town of Davy, by one of defendant’s engines being operated westward on the east bound track. At the conclusion of plaintiff’s evidence the defendant interposed a demurrer thereto, which was joined in by plaintiff, and the jury returned a conditional verdict assessing plaintifE’s damages at $1,000.00, conditioned on the law of the ease as it might thereafter be determined by the court, and in answer to special interrogatories, in connection with their, verdict, the jury responded that they had included therein $850.00 for personal injuries sustained by the plaintiff and $150.00 for damages to his automobile. .
On the demurrer thus submitted to the court, the court found the law for the plaintiff and entered judgment in his favor against the defendant for the full sum found by the jury. ' The usual motions to set aside the verdict as excessive in amount, and for a new trial, were overruled.
The acts of negligence alleged and relied on by plaintiff were, the operation of the engine doing the injury westward on an east bound tract, failure of the trainmen to keep a proper lookout, and their failure to ring the bell or blow the whistle as provided by section 61, chapter 54 of the Code.
There was evidence introduced tending to show negligence of the trainmen in the particulars alleged, and it is conceded that the engine which struck plaintiff’s automobile was at the time being operated .backward and westward over the east bound' track.
To reverse the judgment defendant relies solely upon the contributory negligence of the plaintiff, which it is claimed is fully established by his own evidence, as a matter of law for
The facts pertinent to the real questions involved, namely, the one of contributory negligence of the plaintiff and the supposed intervening negligence of the defendant, are few. As alleged and proven they are these: The defendant at the town of Davy operates his trains over east and west bound tracks, the one paralleling the other in close proximity; that usually the east bound trains are operated on the east bound track and those west bound on the west bound track. • Shortly before he sustained his injuries plaintiff was at the railroad station, about one thousand feet east of the road or street crossing where the said collision took place. After transacting his business there, he started westward along the county road, paralleling and running within a few feet of the east bound track of the railroad. On his way he stopped at a store on the south side of the county road and opposite the railroad. When he had transacted his business there, he re-entered his automobile and proceeded westward to the road or street crossing the railroad tracks. At the point of intersection one branch of the road went almost directly north and the other almost directly south, the former in the direction of plaintiff’s home and the other in the direction of'the town of Iaeger. The evidence of plaintiff shows that this point of intersection is about one hundred feet from the east bound track. The plaintiff admits that on reaching the point of intersection he turned to the right without stopping, looking or listening for any train approaching the crossing on either track from the east. He admits that he was hard of hearing in his right ear; that he was looking westward only for trains that might be approaching from that directon; and that he was wholly negligent in performing his duty in other respects. What transpired at the moment and just before the plaintiff was injured, may be best stated in his own language: “Well, I was-
We think this evidence established gross contributory negligence ; and unless some other facts and circumstances have been shown to excuse plaintiff, or sufficient to carry the case to the jury on the question whether or not he did what a reasonable and prudent person under like circumstances would have done, the fact of his contributory negligence constitutes a complete defense to his action. We find nothing in the record which would excuse hiin for his neglect to stop, look and listen, and for his deliberate attempt to drive over the railroad tracks without doing so. It is not only proven but admitted that there was nothing to obstruct plaintiff’s view east and west after he left a switch or side track some 250 or 300 feet from the crossing.
The duty of a traveler on a highway, on coming to a railroad crossing, is not discharged by looking only in one direction. Our decisions and the decisions everywhere are to the same effect that he must if necessary stop, and look and listen in both directions. Beyel v. Newport News etc. R. R. Co., 34 W. Va. 538; Berkeley v. C. & O. Ry. Co., 43 W. Va. 11; Bassford v. P. C. C. & St. L. Ry. Co., 70 W. Va. 280; City of Elkins v. Western Maryland Ry. Co., 76 W. Va. 733.
But it is contended in support of the judgment that the demurrer to the evidence was properly overruled notwithstanding
Had the plaintiff,, under these authorities, the right to rely
Outside of these circumstances what is there to excuse plaintiff’s negligence? We find absolutely nothing. Hearing in his right ear was somewhat difficult, according to his testimony, but this should have made him all the more careful in turning upon the track without performing his full duty.
But was there^ any intervening negligence of defendant which constituted the proximate cause of the injury? We think none is shown. True, we must assume that trainmen were negligent in not ringing the bell or blowing the whistle, as shown. But this was the original act of negligence alleged and proven. If the plaintiff had been seen by the trainmen when on the way and immediately before he turned onto the track, they had no notice that he would deliberately drive on the track before the approaching engine, as plaintiff admits he did, and so suddenly as not to observe the approach of the coming engine.
The trainmen would have had right to assume that he would stop or was going in the opposite direction. As observed by Judge Brannon in Beyel v. Newport News, etc. R. R. Co., supra, the reciprocal duties of railways and travelers upon public roads and streets to each other and the traveling public are equal, and it is of the highest importance that both observe with the greatest care-their respective duties in. the premises. The lives and property of the people depend as much on the one as
For these reasons we are of opinion that the judgment below must be reversed, and the demurrer to the plaintiffs evidence sustained; and the judgment which we think the circuit court should have entered will be entered here, that the plaintiff take nothing by his action and that the defendant recover his costs in the circuit court and in this court in this behalf expended.
Reversed; demurrer to evidence sustained; judgment en- ■ ■ tered for defendant.