603 N.Y.S.2d 923 | N.Y. App. Div. | 1993
Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court (Monserrate, J.), entered August 21, 1992 in Tompkins County, which granted plaintiffs motion for partial summary judgment dismissing defendant’s fourth defense.
The parties were married on September 15, 1979 and prior thereto entered into an antenuptial agreement (hereinafter the agreement). During the marriage ceremony the parties recited that they "bequested [their] worldly goods upon each other”. This recitation prompted defendant to request that
Plaintiff commenced this action for divorce seeking equitable distribution in November 1991. In an amended answer defendant set forth a fourth defense that the agreement and its reaffirmation constituted an affirmative defense to equitable distribution. Plaintiff thereafter moved for summary judgment dismissing the fourth defense. Supreme Court held that paragraph 4 (b) of the agreement entitled plaintiff, upon dissolution of the marriage, to such property as defendant "might periodically deign to designate during that event” and provided that otherwise she would "get nothing”, and issued an order dismissing the fourth defense upon the ground that the agreements alleged in said defense are unconscionable.
"[0]ver the years, an unconscionable bargain has been regarded as one ' "such as no [person] in his [or her] senses and not under delusion would make on the one hand, and as no honest and fair [person] would accept on the other” ’ (Hume v United States, 132 US 406, 411), the inequality being ' "so strong and manifest as to shock the conscience and confound the judgment of any [person] of common sense’ ” (Mandel v Liebman, 303 NY 88, 94)” (Christian v Christian, 42 NY2d 63, 71; see, Yuda v Yuda, 143 AD2d 657, 658). However, an agreement will not be set aside as unconscionable simply because it might be improvident (Cantamessa v Cantamessa, 170 AD2d 792, 794).
In our view the disputed paragraph of the agreement— paragraph 4 — provides that each party’s individual income and property, even though acquired during the marriage, will retain its characterization as separate property. Subparagraph (a) declares that the house and land already titled to defendant will remain his separate property. Subparagraph (b), however, would give defendant all real and personal property
This same reasoning that renders paragraph 4 and its subparagraphs unconscionable applies to paragraph 6 of the agreement. Paragraph 6 deals with and affects the property rights and interests of plaintiff covered by paragraph 4 and should also be stricken as unconscionable (see, supra). However, as paragraph 13 of the agreement states that if any clause is declared null and void or against public policy the other clauses of the agreement shall be separable and shall remain valid, only paragraphs 4 and 6 should be stricken (see, supra). The order of Supreme Court should be modified accordingly.
Yesawich Jr., Crew III and Casey, JJ., concur. Ordered that the order is modified, on the law, without costs, by reversing so much thereof as struck defendant’s entire fourth defense; said defense is stricken only to the extent that paragraphs 4 and 6 of the agreement are stricken as unconscionable and unenforceable; and, as so modified, affirmed.