250 Pa. 304 | Pa. | 1915
Opinion by
By an indenture of lease dated December 15, 1883, Mary T. Clark and her husband “demised and leased and to mine let” to the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Company, defendant, all the coal underlying the Baltimore vein in and upon four contiguous pieces of land in Plymouth Township, Luzerne County; the first containing 25 acres and 30 perches, the second 80 perches, the third 94 perches, and the fourth 7 acres and 155 7-10 perches, “to'have and to hold the said premises until the said party of the second part shall have mined and removed therefrom all the merchantable and minable coal.” The lessee agreed to pay a royalty of thirty-five cents per ton for all merchantable coal mined and removed from the premises, and a fixed minimum cash rental of $5,000 per annum during the continuance of the lease, payable in quarterly installments, and for said payments was entitled to remove during each year 14,285 tons of coal. If in any year, the lessee failed to mine as much coal as it had paid for in any such year, it was permitted to mine the deficiency in any subsequent year of the term without further charge. When the coal is exhausted so as to render the production of the annual fixed minimum impracticable, the lessee is relieved from the production of the full annual minimum and only required to mine and pay for such quantity as can be mined and removed. The agreement also provides payment, not included in the annual rental, for pea coal.
By deed dated April 5, 1895, Mary T. Clark, lessor, conveyed to Mary C. Parrish an undivided one-half interest in the coal and the lease, and the representatives of these two parties are the plaintiffs in this action.
It appears that from the beginning of its operations under the lease until October 1, 1903, the lessee mined and removed coal from all four of the demised pieces and paid to the lessor all the fixed minimum cash rentals and the royalties as they accrued. All the merchantable and minable coal has not been mined from the premises and
The fourth piece of land described in the lease is a strip six rods wide that, on the earliest surveys, was left between lots lying on the east and west, and was called a road on those surveys. The lands on both sides of the road, calling for it as a boundary, were patented to various persons, and the titles subsequently became vested in the defendant company. The road was never opened and a considerable part of the land within its lines was built up and plotted in building lots, while a large part was not practicable for road purposes because of its grades.
It is conceded that the plaintiffs are the owners of the first, second, and third pieces of land described in the lease, but the defendant denies that they, at any time, owned the fourth piece. The plaintiffs claim title to the fourth piece through a patent issued to one John Turner by the Commonwealth in 1821 for a larger tract containing about twelve acres of land, the survey having been made in 1820 in pursuance of a warrant issued in
This is an action of assumpsit brought by the plaintiffs on the lease to recover from the defendant three quarterly installments of rent of twelve hundred and fifty dollars each, accruing respectively on January 15, April 15, and July 15, 1904, with interest from the maturity of each installment. The defendant company filed an affidavit of defense in which it admitted the lease, denied that the plaintiffs owned the fourth piece of land at the date of the execution of the lease, averred that, through accident and mistake and believing in the ownership by plaintiffs, it paid the rents and royalties under the lease based on the total acreage as described in the lease, and further averred that as the plaintiffs were not the owners of the fourth piece of land the defendant had overpaid the plaintiffs fifty thousand dollars under the terms of the lease and claimed a set-off to that amount against the plaintiffs.
The case was referred to a referee who held that the plaintiffs were not the owners of the fourth parcel of land and the title thereto was in the defendant, that if the agreement was to be regarded as a lease, the lessee could not dispute the title of its landlord, but apparently held that the agreement was a sale of the coal in place and that the parties sustained the relation of vendor and vendee. He also held that the plaintiffs had color of title which, coupled with facts about the surface conditions, afforded sufficient consideration for the agreement on the part of defendant to mine and pay for the coal, that the defendant entered into the agreement with knowledge of the facts and is estopped from setting up its title to the land as a defense to payment of the rent
The appellant contends that it has the right in this action to an allowance for a defect in the title so far as parcel No. 4 is concerned, and that if it mined coal in parcel No. 4 under the lease but by a mistaken conclusion of law as to title it is sufficient warrant to cease paying for the coal which it owned itself at the time of the execution of the instrument and to which plaintiffs never had title.
We think the learned referee and court below were right in holding that the defect in the plaintiff’s title to the fourth piece or tract of coal is no defense to this action for the three quarterly installments of rent due under the coal lease of 1883. The ground on which relief is sought is that at the time the lease was executed the lessee and not the lessor was the owner of the fourth tract of land, and that the lease was entered into by reason of a mutual mistake of law as to the title to the tract. The only evidence of the alleged mistake is that the lessee, although the owner of the land at the time, entered into the contract and thereby purchased and agreed to pay to the lessor the stipulated price for the coal. There is no evidence in the record as to what occurred between the parties during their negotiations and at the time of the execution of the lease. From the importance of the transaction in a financial point of view, we must assume that both parties were represented by counsel. The deeds and other muniments of title were on record, and, therefore, each party knew, not only his own but the other’s title to the land. The plaintiff’s title had its inception in a patent issued by the Commonweath in 1821 which was antedated by a patent issued to the defendant’s predecessor in title for the land abutting on
The mere fact that the lessee took the lease is not sufficient of itself to show that there was any mistake as to the title to the premises at the time the contract was executed. The leased property consisted of four small contiguous pieces of coal, claimed by the lessor, none of which with the possible exception of the first was large enough for a coal operation. The lessor manifestly would desire to let the coal under the four pieces if she let any of it, as working the small tract as a separate operation would not be practicable. The lessee owned the adjacent coal. The lessor, of course, claimed title to the tract but the record, which was notice to both parties, showed a better title in the lessee. This was the situation which confronted the parties when they were negotiating for the lease and it was subsequently executed. It is, therefore, more than probable that the parties and their counsel discussed the title, and, that while the lessee company asserted its own title, agreed to take the lease as a compromise of the conflicting claims to the title because of the advantages which would thereby accrue to it. At all events there is not a particle of evidence save the taking of the lease by the lessee, and that is wholly insufficient, to show that there was any mistake as to the title of either party when the lease was executed. Twenty years have elapsed since the execution of the contract, during which time the lessee has operated the coal and paid the rentals, and direct and satis
' It is conceded that if the lessee was induced to enter into the lease by a mistake it was one of law and not of fact. The land in question is what was known as a “Commissioner’s Road,” and the alleged mistake was in construing the defendant’s title to the adjacent land as extending to the edge of the road and not to its center. As pointed out above, there could not have been a mistake of fact, as the title of each party was of,record and hence the parties had all' the facts before them when the lease was made. It is not alleged that the lessee was induced to enter into the lease by any fraud, misrepresentation, concealment of facts, or other inequitable conduct on the part of the lessor. . There are no .special circumstances or facts in the case, disclosed by the record,, to induce a chancellor, to give relief to the containing, party. As suggested above, the contract may have been advantageous to the lessee company notwithstanding- it ■ was the owner of the fourth piece of coal. We are, therefore, dealing here with a mistake of law, pure and simple, unaided by any equitable consideration which' should move a chancellor to grant relief. Under these circumstances, it is settled that- equity will not relieve against a mistake of law: Good v. Herr, 7 W. & S. 253; McAninch and wife v. Laughlin, 13 Pa. 371; Light v. Light, 21 Pa. 407; Clapp v. Hoffman, 169 Pa. 531; Norris v. Crowe, 206 Pa. 438; Pennsylvania Stave Co.’s App., 225 Pa. 178; Untermehle v. Norment, 197 U. S. 40; Midland Great Western Ry. Co. v. Johnson, 6 House of Lords’ Cases 798. The rule is stated by Mr. .Pomroy (2 Pom. Eq. Jur. 3 Éd. Sec. 842). as follows: “The Joe-,, trine is. settled that, in general, a mistake of law, pure,, and simple, is not adequate ground fpr relief. Where a party with knowledge of all; the mi|LÍ(Mn§I'Í3,g'ts, and with- , out any other special circumstances'giving rise to an equity in his behalf, enters into a transaetion affecting his interests, rights and liábilities, under an ignorance
The judgment is affirmed.