Clark v. Jenkins

162 Mass. 397 | Mass. | 1894

Allen, J.

The cases cited for the plaintiff show that it is sometimes said to be the duty of the court to direct the jury to return a verdict for the defendant, in cases where the whole evidence is insufficient to support a verdict for the plaintiff.^* The rule as declared by the Supreme Court of the United States is, that in such a case “ the court is not bound to submit the case to the jury, but may direct a verdict for the defendant.” Randall v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 109 U. S. 478. Schofield v. Chicago, Milwaukee, & St. Raul Railway, 114 U. S. 615. In the present case, the court may have thought it expedient to leave the case to the jury without such direction, in the expectation that they would find for the defendants, and thus save any further question ; or for the moment it may have seemed doubtful whether there was not some slight evidence entitling the plaintiff to go to the jury. However this may have been, the plaintiff has not referred us to any case where it has been held that the omission to give such direction, on motion of the defendant, will debar the court from afterwards setting aside a verdict for the plaintiff, as against the evidence. No such limitation of authority is found in Pub. Sts. c. 153, § 6, providing that “ the courts may at any time before judgment in a civil action set aside the verdict and order a new trial for any cause for which a new trial may by law be granted.” We have no doubt of the legal authority of the court to set aside the verdict, although the defendants’ motion to direct the jury to find a verdict for the defendants had been denied.

In this Commonwealth, there is no rule of law limiting the number of times that a judge may set aside a verdict as against the evidence. On the other hand, it has been recognized that in an extraordinary case the court may set aside any number of verdicts that might be returned. Coffin v. Phenix Ins. Co. 15 Pick. 291, 295. Denny v. Williams, 5 Allen, 1, 5. Brooks v. Somerville, 106 Mass. 271, 275. See also Davies v. Roper, 2 Jur. (N. S.) 167; State v. Horner, 86 Mo. 71; Wolbrecht v. Baumgarten, 26 Ill. 291. The fact that three successive verdicts for the plaintiff have been returned does not of itself make it the legal duty of the court to allow the last verdict to stand if unsupported by sufficient evidence.

No other reason except those above referred to has been assigned for questioning the action of the court in setting aside the verdict for the plaintiff, and neither of these shows that the court exceeded its legal authority. ^Exceptions overruled.

* The counsel for the plaintiff cited in his brief Denny v. Williams, 5 Allen, 1; Lamb v. Western Railroad, 7 Allen, 98; Reed v. Deerfield, 8 Allen, 522, 524; Nichols v. Chicago, Rock Island, & Pacific Railway, 69 Iowa, 154; Linkauf v. Lombard, 137 N. Y. 417, 426; Hemmens v. Nelson, 138 N. Y. 517; Schofield v. Chicago, Milwaukee, & St. Paul Railway, 114 U. S. 615, 619; Metropolitan Railway v. Jackson, 3 App. Cas. 193; 11 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, 245; 19 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, 43, 49, 50, note; Scripps v. Reilly, 38 Mich. 10; Doane v. Lockwood, 115 Ill. 490; Bartelott v. International Bank, 119 Ill. 259; Griffin v. Chicago, Rock Island, & Pacific Railway, 68 Iowa, 638; Thompson, Trials, § 2710; Nicholls v. Popwell, 80 Ga. 604; Pub. Sts. c. 153, § 6.