1 Keyes 281 | NY | 1864
It is not claimed that there was any error in the- decree of the surrogate, so far as the settlement of the appellant’s accounts as administrator are concerned. He does not-complain that he was charged with any greater sum than that which had come to his hands, or that any allowances to which he was 'entitled were rejected. But, as the assignee of the testamentary gifts in favor of S. F. and 8. W. Richardson, he was interested in the distribution of the balance in his hands as administrator, and the supposed error of which he complained affects only his interest as such assignee. In that character he represents the Richardsons, and can claim no other rights than they would have been entitled to if they had not parted with their interests, but were now the claimants of a share of the assets distributed, by the decree appealed from. As legatees, they were chargeable, in the first instance, with $10,000 each for advancements made to them by the testator in his lifetime, and it is not contended by the appellant that they, or he, as their assignee and representative, would be entitled to anything until the legatees of the other four shares had each been paid an equal amount, that is, ten thousand dollars on each share. But upon stating an account with each of the other shares, and charging the legatees with the advances made to two of them, and charging them respectively with all which had been paid them by the executors, it would require much more than .-the amount in the appellant’s hands for distribution to make the payments to each of them equal to the $10,000 which each oí the appellant’s assignees had received, or, rather, were.
When it is considered that the legatees of the four shares given to persons other than the Messrs. Bichardson have not been paid any part of the sums adjudged to them by the former decree, and that the failure to pay them arose from a breach of trust on the part of the Messrs. Bichardson, and, moreover, that the appellant, as their assignee, stands precisely in their place, and has no other rights than such as they would have had if they had retained their interests and had been parties to the distribution of the sum now in controversy, his claim seems to be remarkably defective on grounds of natural equity. If it can be sustained at all, it must be on account of some positive rules of law which the court is not at liberty to disregard, and it is accordingly attempted to be supported on such grounds.
It is argued, in the first place, in substance, that the decree is in the nature of a judgment, which ordinarily merges and extinguishes the cause of action for which it was recovered. The right to the four legacies having thus been extinguished fro tanto, they cannot, it is said, be made use of, as to the portion so extinguished, to found a future claim upon other assets subsequently realized. There is, no doubt, a technical rule of the nature suggested, but I do not think it is applicable to this case. When the decree was made against the Messrs. Bichardson, they had ceased to be executors, having béen removed by an order of the surrogate. It was correct, I think, to' continue the proceedings against them, notwith
It is suggested that the first decree may possibly be enforced hereafter so as to produce satisfaction, and that in such an event the holders of the four shares will get a larger part of the estate than they are entitled to. The same feature would always be presented where a collateral security is carried to judgment.
Should the debt be afterward paid by the principal debtor j it would not be right for the creditor to take the fruits of the j judgment upon the collateral security, and the law would j not permit him to do so. After payment by the party principally liable, he would be entitled to be subrogated to the '•
It is argued that the appellant, the present representative of the estate, is not entitled to enforce the former decree for want of privity with the subject, and authorities are cited in support of that position. We have lately had the question before us whether an administrator de bonis non, was entitled to maintain an action against the representative of an executor who had died without applying the assets which had come to his hands including moneys which he had collected, and we came to the conclusion that under the statutes the administrator could maintain such an action. (Walker v. Walker, decided at the June; Term 1864.) That decision answers the suggestion referred to. i
It is further argued that the surrogate in making the decree appealed from, charged against the shares given to the Bichardsons and were held by the, appellant, the amount awarded .against them by the former decree, as effects of the deceased wasted. The point of the objection is that they disposed of their property in their legacies to them anterior to the devastmiit is a matter with which the appellant is concerned. It is a sufficient answer that these legatees after death of the testator became possessed as executors of all his personalty, and tinder the trusts of the will were entitled to receive the rents and profits and proceeds of the sales of the whole real estate.' Being both executors and legatees, the realization of their legacies depended upon the faithful performance of the trust, and it was not possible for the legatees to separate the interest from the duty. He could not convey away the former and then waste the assets- with which it should have been paid. The duty which attached to the legacy in the hands of the legatees, followed it into the hands of the appellant.
The same remarks are applicable to the sum charged against the legacy to the Bichardsons, on account of their indebtedness to the estate for the deficiency arising upon the sale of the mortgaged premises under the foreclosure of a mortgage.
In the view I have taken of the case I have impliedly conceded certain positions which may well be controverted. By laboring to show that the first decree was in its nature collateral to the demand of the legatees against the estate, because it was against parties who were not executors, I have assumed that if this were otherwise the appellant’s point, that the legacies were extinguished pro tanto, would be well taken. If the accounting had taken place while the Bichardsons had remained executors, and they had been unable to pay the amounts awarded against them because they had misappropriated the assets with which it ought to have been paid, and other assets had subsequently come into their hands, it is not possible that they could have treated the unsatisfied judgments against them in favor of the other legatees, as payments to those legatees, and on that basis have claimed a distributive share of subsequent assets, leaving the other legacies unpaid. The correct view, even in such a case, would be to regard the estate as the principal debtor, which could not be discharged except by actual payment, and to look upon the judgment against the executors as áuxiliary only, not affecting the principal debt, that is, the legacies to the daughters and grandchildren, unless they became satisfied by producing payment, and in no sense an extinguishment; and if the executors could not set up such a position to increase their own dividend as legatees out of
The saving which the Supreme Court added to the decree was a suitable provision, though not, I think, strictly necessary to preserve the rights of the legatees in any manner to he afterward realized as under the first decree. I am satisfied that the judgment of the Supreme Court ought to he affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.