207 A.D. 718 | N.Y. App. Div. | 1924
Lead Opinion
The claimant, Harold A. Robinson, has established a contract or agreement between Ida M. Hayes and himself, which is found by the surrogate on satisfactory proof in form as follows: “ That in November, 1919, the deceased Ida M. Hayes proposed to Harold A. Robinson, the claimant, that if he would cease his
When the claimant entered the institute, the deceased gave her check to him for the sum of $200, explaining that she was sorry she did not have the whole amount; that the report from the claimant’s examination had been so long delayed that she anticipated he would not be admitted to the institute and, therefore, she had loaned her ready money to another, not desiring it to lie idle, but she would later have it for him. This check was never paid, because she died on October 14, 1920, before it was presented for payment at the bank on which it was drawn. •
The agreement between Harold and the deceased is sustained by a sufficient consideration, is a valid agreement and is enforcible, unless void under the Statute of Frauds, which provides: " Every agreement, promise or undertaking is void, unless it or some note or memorandum thereof be in writing, and subscribed by the party to be charged therewith, or by his lawful agent, if such
When the sum of money should be deposited in the name of the claimant, no one save himself could draw it or any part of it; Mrs. Hayes would be deprived of any control of it. As to it the claimant would possess every attribute of ownership; it would become his property. The agreement, therefore, found by the surrogate, is the equivalent of this: That the claimant should give up his employment, prepare himself for Pratt Institute, pass the examination and be admitted; that Mrs. Hayes, upon his being so admitted, would give him $3,000. If this is the agreement contemplated by the parties, it could be performed within one year by both parties, and the ban of the Statute of Frauds would not stand against it. The executors, howéver, insist that there was an implied stipulation in this agreement, as part consideration for the gift, that he should complete his two years’ course; and they argue that the agreement, including such stipulation on his part, is void under the statute; that, under no supposed condition, however improbable or unexpected, could he perform within one year from the making of the contract. If this implied agreement on the claimant’s part may be injected into the contract, we think the executors’ argument is substantial. (Broadwell v. Getman, 2 Den. 87; Day v. N. Y. C. R. R. Co., 31 Barb. 548, 556; Williamsburg City Fire Ins. Co. v. Lichtenstein, 181 App. Div. 681; Ward v. Hasbrouck, 169 N. Y. 419; International Ferry Co. v. Am. Fidelity Co., 207 id. 353; McGirr v. Campbell, 71 App. Div. 83.) The case of McKinney v. McCloskey (8 Daly, 368; affd., on opinion below, 76 N. Y. 594), cited in the dissenting opinion in McGirr v. Campbell (supra), is easily distinguished from the instant case. In the McKinney case the verbal agreement was that the plaintiff would take care of an infant and furnish him with necessaries until he should arrive at the age of twenty-one years, and the defendant promised to pay the plaintiff the fair value of such support and maintenance. If the support and maintenance were paid to the time of the infant’s death, the contract would be fully performed. In the instant case the whole amount of the $3,000 was given at one time.. If this stipulation be implied as a part of the claimant’s contract and as a part of the consideration for the gift, then, if he did not finish his two years' course, even though the cause for his failure were sickness or death or a necessity that he should earn money to support his family, he would have breached his contract and Mrs. Hayes or her executors would have an action for damages . against him. It could not be claimed successfully that he had
But we do not think this stipulation should be implied and inserted in the contract by the court. Mrs. Hayes, who had no children, was very fond of this boy and she was anxious that he should have an opportunity to procure an education such as he wished. Such sentiments are repeatedly expressed in the record. She was willing to give this money in order that he might have such opportunity. Undoubtedly she expected that, if she gave him such opportunity, he would avail himself of it and finish the course, but she exacted no such promise from him and there is no evidence that he made any such promise to induce her to make the gift. The surrogate has not found that there was any such stipulation in the contract and no witness testifies to such stipulation. In our view the evidence discloses that she was willing, without further condition, if he passed his examination and entered the institution, to give him the money as she so contracted to do. She was willing to trust him without a promise, and his subsequent conduct justified her trust. I can see no reason why, since she did not exact such a promise as a condition of her gift, the court should imply a promise which would defeat the gift which she had promised to make and undoubtedly would have made had not her death prevented.
An implied contract consists of obligations arising from mutual agreement and intent to promise, but where the agreement and promise have not been expressed in words. (1 Willis. Cont. § 3.) In order that an unexpressed term may be implied and inserted in a contract, the implication must arise from the language employed in the expressed terms of the contract, or be indispensable to effectuate the intention of the parties. (13 C. J. 559.) We do not find in this agreement as found by the surrogate any terms necessarily requiring the insertion of an unexpressed term as here insisted upon. The words “ for a course of study of two (2) years ” in the finding are descriptive of the course as if the words were “for a classical course ” and do not imply’that the completion of the two years’ course was intended as part consideration for the gift. A term which the parties have not expressed will not be implied because the court may deem it reasonable. “ The implication of a contract between parties upon a subject to which their attention has been directed and which they have omitted to provide for, by express stipulation, should not be made by a court, except to enforce a manifest equity, or to reach a result which the unequivocal acts of the parties indicate an intention to effect.”
The finding of the surrogate should be modified by adding the words: “by depositing said moneys in the Merchants’ National Bank of Plattsburgh in the name of Harold A. Robinson,” and as so modified the decree of the surrogate should be affirmed, with costs.
All concur, except Hinman, J., dissenting, with an opinion, in which Cochrane, P. J., concurs.
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting):
I think the. respondent proved a meritorious claim under a contract supported by a good consideration. The Statute of Frauds has been raised, however, and seems to be a bar to the enforcement of the agreement. If the oral agreement, by its terms, was not to be performed by either party within one year, it was void under the Statute of Frauds. It is clear that Mrs. Hayes agreed to perform her pa,rt in advance by setting aside in the name of claimant $3,000 “ which the parties then estimated to be the sum sufficient to defray all of his necessary expenses during the said course,” which was a course of study of two years. The surrogate has found that this was her agreement. It has also been alleged by the claimant in his claim and found by the surrogate upon clear proof, that the claimant was to “ enter said institution for a course of study of two (2) years.” It must have been the intention of the parties, by necessary implication, that claimant
For these reasons I am convinced that the decree should be reversed and the claim dismissed, on the ground that the agreement was void under the Statute of Frauds and cannot be enforced.
Cochrane, P. J., concurs.
Decree modified by adding thereto, after the words “ at his disposal and under his control,” the words “ by depositing said moneys in the Merchants’ National Bank of Plattsburgh in the name of Harold A. Robinson,” and as so modified affirmed, with costs payable out of the estate.