Lead Opinion

Kellogg, J.:

The macaroni company was occupying a building which had been an old hotel. It purposed making ‘upon the ground floor of the part of the building repaired a saloon, and to use the second and third floors in its general business. The work in changing the floors and roof was done by the intestate, under a contract by which he was to do the work and furnish the material for $500. That contract was performed by him. A part of the time he had men working with him. As the work progressed, from time to time the company would have extra work done, for which he was paid by the hour. Before the contract work was completed, extra work was contemplated of putting a partition through the saloon part of the building, thus making the saloon smaller than first intended, and using the other part, which was partitioned off from the saloon, as a machinery room for the company. The studding for the partition between the saloon and the new machinery room had been put up as extra work while the contract work was being performed. A delay occurred, perhaps to permit the building to settle, and then the deceased was requested to come on and finish the partition. He was in the saloon part, nailing lath to the studding over the door, when the accident occurred. He was a general carpenter, doing such work as he was called upon to do for different people, usually by the hour, but sometimes took jobs. He was not in the general employ of the company, but was the man it usually employed to do little odd jobs about its building. He never did any work in the macaroni business; 'his only work for the defendant was doing work upon or about its buildings. I do not think he was an employee in a business declared hazardous by the Workmen’s Compensation Law. Clearly he was not engaged in the macaroni business, but his sole business was as a carpenter. The company was not carrying on the carpenter business, or doing any carpenter work for a profit; it was making repairs and improvements upon its real estate and hired a general workman for that purpose. If a man in a business not hazardous employs a carpenter to do some work upon his property, like fixing a window or a door, I do not think the person performing the work is an employee engaged *105in the hazardous business of structural carpentry. A judge who hires an ordinary carpenter to come to his office or house and put in a new window is not engaged in a hazardous business under the law. “ Employment ” is defined by subdivision 5 of section 3 of the law to include “ employment only in a trade, business or occupation carried on by the employer for pecuniary gain.” If the employer in the hazardous employment uses his regular employees in doing something which may not be a hazardous employment in itself, but the work is a part of his general employment and incident to it, we may well say that the employee received the injury while engaged in a hazardous employment. But where a man engages a carpenter by the hour to do some work upon his premises in the way of improvements, I cannot feel that he is engaged in the hazardous employment of structural carpentry or repair of buildings as contemplated by group 42 of section 2 of the Workmen’s Compensation Law (Consol. Laws, chap. 67; Laws of 1914, chap. 41). I, therefore, favor a reversal.

All concurred, except Woodward, J., dissenting, in opinion.

Dissenting Opinion

Woodward, J. (dissenting):

The record of the proceedings before the State Workmen’s Compensation Commission discloses no reason for disturbing the determination reached and award made in favor of Louisa Bargey, wife of the deceased workman, Lyman D. Bargey. A careful examination of that record shows clearly the correctness of the results reached by the Commission and demonstrates that the claimant is fairly entitled to the protection of the Workmen’s Compensation Law.

On December 2, 1914, the deceased was at work as a carpenter for the Massaro Macaroni Company in his home town of Fulton. He was doing the work personally; he had then no assistants and had not had any on the work on which he was then engaged. There had been no contract, written or oral, between himself and his employer regarding the work he was then doing or payment therefor, except that he was told what the employer wanted him to do and he was doing it. He was to be paid by the hour for his time with reimbursement for any materials furnished by him. He had done other work, at *106various times, for this and other employers and, apparently with the one exception hereafter noted, had been similarly paid. When the president of the employer wanted a piece of carpenter work done he commonly sent for Bargey, and Bargey came and did it. On one previous occasion there had been a rather meager memorandum of an agreement with Bargey covering specified work of an unusual quantity, cost and duration, at a “ lump sum ” compensation. In doing the work under that agreement Bargey had the services of a helper, some weeks or months before. He paid this helper for his time, and when that work was finished, the helper went to work elsewhere. Before he began the work in the course of which he met his death, he had. completed all the work to which the written contract related, and had rendered to his employer his final bill for that and other work previously performed. He had- no office or store, no billheads or contract forms, no regular employees, no payroll, no insurance as an employer. His work was invariably of the artisan’s grade; for at least fourteen years he had worked continuously as a carpenter, usually alone on individual jobs, and usually by the day or hour. It does not appear that he ever exercised anything approximating superintendence or independent direction of work he was hired to do.

On the forenoon of December 2, 1914, the floors of the employer’s building came crashing down upon Bargey’s head, killing him instantly. On December 4, 1914, the employer made its report of the injury to the Compensation Commission and stated therein as follows:

“Was employee injured in course of employment? Yes. * * * Occupation when injured ? Carpentry work. Was injured employee doing his regular work ? Yes. * * * Piece or time worker ? Time worker and contractor.”

Questioned by counsel for the insurance carrier, before the Commission, the president of the employer testified: “Q. What was his [Bargey’s] business ? A. Carpenter. Q. Anything else than a carpenter ? A. He was a contractor.”

Undeniably, at the time he met his death, Bargey was working alone, as a time-worker by the hour, doing artisan’s work, without contract other than that of employment.

*107After comprehensive taking of testimony the Commission found, as a matter of fact, that the decedent was a carpenter and an “ employee ” at the time he met his death.

The assertion of the insurance carrier that Bargey was not an “employee” within the meaning of the statute cannot he sustained in the light of the rulings of this court in Matter of Rheinwald v. Builders’ Brick & Supply Co. (168 App. Div. 425); Matter of Moore v. Lehigh Valley R. R. Co. (169 id. 177); Matter of Powley v. Vivian & Co., Inc. (Id. 170), and similar cases.

Precedent and common sense alike place, within the purview of the Workmen’s Compensation Law, this claimant’s husband and the work he was doing when death ended his service as a wage earner. We find no reasons for alteration of the views maturely expressed by this court in the Powley, Moore and Bheinwald cases.

The Commission’s determination as to the claim at bar is abundantly sustained by the evidence, and the award should be affirmed.

Award reversed and claim dismissed.