Contestor Mitchell alleges that contestees Sowa, Humbertson, and Kalani knew of illegal votes cast in their election to the board of commissioners of Clackamas River Water (CRW), a domestic water supply district. As authorized by ORS 258.026 and ORS 258.036, contestor filed a petition of contest of election, seeking to set aside their election. With leave of the trial court, CRW intervened to defend the validity of the election; none of the contestees actively participated in the proceeding. The trial court rejected con-testor’s challenge, finding that contestor did not meet his burden of proving, by clear and convincing evidence, that contestees knew of the illegal votes.
CRW then petitioned under ORS 258.046(1) for $54,000 in attorney fees. The trial court awarded the requested fees, finding, among other things, that contestor’s
“complaint makes claims which were reckless, willful and in bad faith. Specifically, the petition asserted the contest-ees had knowledge of thousands of illegal votes being cast in district elections. In fact, [contestor] offered no evidence to support such a claim. [Contestor] had little actualknowledge of the evidence in the case and [contestor’s] primary witness at trial was Patricia Holloway who authored the petition, paid the filing fee and arranged for publication of the required notice.
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“[Contestor’s] claim the ‘contestees’ had knowledge of or connived in the casting of illegal votes was without basis and the claims were objectively unreasonable. Even if this was not clear to [contestor] before commencement of the litigation, it is simply not possible to conclude [contestor] and his counsel did not reach the conclusion they could not satisfy their burden of proof with regard to knowledge during the course of the litigation.
“Furthermore, during the course of the litigation [con-testor] and his alter ego Patricia Holloway conducted themselves in a way which increased the time and expense of all parties associated with this controversy.”
The court entered a supplemental judgment on the fee award. Contestor has appealed that supplemental judgment. For the reasons that follow, we affirm that judgment.
On appeal, contestor first makes a number of arguments as to why the trial court erred by permitting CRW to intervene. But contestor did not appeal the general judgment dismissing the petition; contestor appealed only the supplemental judgment awarding fees. That means, by statute, our jurisdiction is limited to consideration of only those matters decided by the supplemental judgment. ORS 19.270(7) (“If a * * * supplemental judgment is appealed, the jurisdiction of the appellate court is limited to the matters decided by the *** supplemental judgment[.]”); White v. Vogt,
Contestor next argues that CRW is not a “prevailing part[y] under ORCP 68 or ORS 20. [077] ”
Contestor’s final argument on appeal is that the award of fees, under the Noerr-Pennington doctrine, violates his rights under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. Broadly stated, the common-law Noerr-Pennington doctrine holds that a person who petitions the government for redress, including by filing litigation, generally cannot be held liable for damages for their petitioning conduct, even if that conduct might otherwise violate the antitrust laws or other statutes, unless the petitioning activity is a sham.
We disagree for two reasons. First, the few courts to have considered the issue have declined to extend the doctrine to preclude awards of attorney fees under fee-shifting statutes. Those courts have reasoned — persuasively, in our view — that requiring a party to bear the costs of litigation is not the same thing as subjecting the party to liability for petitioning conduct, which is what the Noerr-Pennington doctrine prohibits. The Seventh Circuit has described as “startling” the proposition that the Noerr-Pennington doctrine would preclude the imposition of attorney fees under a fee-shifting statute, opining further that “the proposition that the first amendment, or any other part of the Constitution, prohibits or even has anything to say about fee-shifting statutes in litigation seems too farfetched to require extended analysis. Fee shifting requires the party that creates the costs to bear them.” Premier Elec. Const. Co. v. National Elec. Contractors Ass’n, Inc., 814 F2d 358, 373 (7th Cir 1987). The California Supreme Court has reached the same conclusion. Equilon Enterprises, LLC v. Consumer Cause, Inc., 29 Cal 4th 53, 62-63,
Second, allowing for the possibility that the First Amendment’s guarantee of the right to petition might impose some restriction on fee shifting in election contests or other direct challenges to governmental action — as distinct from litigation involving only private parties — “baseless litigation is not immunized by the First Amendment right to petition.” Bill Johnson’s Restaurants, Inc. v. N.L.R.B.,
Affirmed.
Notes
To set aside an election based on illegal votes, a contestor must prove either that “[t]he person nominated or elected had knowledge of or connived in” the illegal votes, or that “[t]he number of votes taken from the person nominated or elected” by virtue of the illegal votes would “reduce the legal votes of the person below the number of legal votes given to another person for the same nomination or office.” ORS 258.026(1). Contestor’s theory in this case was that the contest-ees knew about the illegal votes.
In his brief, contestor refers to ORS 20.070. That statute was repealed in 1981. Or Laws 1981, ch 898, § 53. We assume, from the nature of his argument, that contestor meant to refer to ORS 20.077.
That does not mean that those provisions are irrelevant to the trial court’s fee decision. Where, as here, a statute or other source of law entitles a party to an award of fees, ORCP 68 supplies the procedure for awarding them, Montara Owners Assn. v. La None Development, LLC,