2 Or. 69 | Or. | 1863
Authorities cited by counsel are sufficiently mentioned in the opinion..
As these questions involve a construction of certain provisions contained in the charter of the city of Portland, the familiar rule conies in for our guidance here, that the powers and authority conferred upon municipal corporations are to be strictly construed, and the limit of such construction is the charter itself. Further comment upon the reason and safety of this rule is unnecessary. The counsel admit that this ordinance, No. 141, has its vitality not from the original charter of January 24th, 1854, but from the amendment of that act, passed October 15th, 1862. Between the dates of the passage of these two acts, a constitution for the State of Oregon had been made, which changed in many respects the powers and modes of operations of the legislative assembly. The respondent denies the constitutionality of the latter act, and claims that so far as this ordinance extends, the proceedings are invalid. That we may have a clear understanding of the provisions of the amendatory act,
In direct connection we cite the constitutional provision here called in question, which is found in section 22, of article é, of our State Constitution, and reads thus : “ No act shall ever be revised or amended by mere reference to its title; but the act revised or section amended, shall be set forth and published at fall length.” This section was adopted for good re'asons. It has been a custom with our legislatures to amend existing laws by mere reference to their titles, and under that cover, to change words and phrases anywhere in its sections; to insert and strike out sentences; to repeal parts of sections at one session, and at the next to re-repeal and amend until it had become a real task to discover what was the existing
"With the same provision substantially we find the Statutes of Michigan, Maryland, California and Ohio exactly conforming to those of Louisiana: Statutes of Michigan, 1859, pages 28, 30, 33, 37, 91, 96, 148, &c.; Statutes of California, 1860, pages 133, 141, 157, &c.; Statutes of Maryland, 1861-’62,
In Indiana a somewhat different construction prevails, by which the Circuit Court below seems to have been guided. In Langdon v. Applegate, 5 Indiana R., 328, a majority of the court held “ that the meaning of this section is, that the act revised or section amended shall be inserted at full length in the act amending or revising it.” Same doctrine held in Rogers v. State, 6 Indiana, 31. Same doctrine re-affirmed in Kennon v. Shull, 9 Indiana, 154, and in Armstrong v. Berryman, 13 Indiana, 426. In 9 Indiana, 102, Wilkins v. Miller, Stuart, Justice, follows the ruling in Langdon v. Applegate, but dissents. In 9 Indiana, 118, Littler v. Smiley, Justice Gookin also dissents.
From a full review of these authorities, we come- to the conclusion, as expressed in the Louisiana authorities, that if the object be to revise an act, then the act as revised should be set out in full; if the object be to amend an act, then the section as a/>nmded must be set out in full, incorporating all changes and amendments. While we do liot go to the same length as did the Circuit Court below, in our construction, the final bearing upon the case in court is the same. The amendatory act, in either view, is nót within the requirements -of the Constitution. In the case at bar, the act of October 15, 1862, in its title, professes to “ amend an act entitled an act to incorporate the city of Portland;” and section 7, under review, does amend and enlarge section 4 of article 4 of the former act, without setting out in any way the section or sections amended.
In view of the clear meaning of the Constitution we conclude that the act in question is unconstitutional, and the proceedings under the same are invalid.
Judgment is affirmed.