60 Kan. 224 | Kan. | 1899
The opinion of the court was delivered by
This \yas an action brought by E. P. Kimball and others, the defendants in error, against
“ No suit to set aside the said special assessments, or to enjoin the making of the same, shall be brought nor any defense to the validity thereof be allowed after the expiration of thirty days from the time the amount due on each lot or piece of ground liable for such assessment is ascertained.”
To this the defendants in error reply that the act of 1887 was repealed by implication by the acts of 1891 and 1895. These later acts relate to the same general subject as that of 1887, to wit, improvements of the streets, avenues, alleys, etc., of cities of the first class, and the making of assessments to pay therefor. The contention of the. defendants in error is that they contain new and different1 provisions from those of the earlier law, but relating to the same matters and covering the whole of the same general ground, and are, therefore, a substitute for the earlier enactment, and in consequence work a repeal by implication of all its provisions.
The rule undoubtedly is that when a later act covers the entire subject-matter of an earlier one and substitutes therefor new and repugnant provisions, they will be deemed to take the place of those oí the former law, and will therefore accomplish its repeal by implication. (Oil Co. v. Angevine, ante, p. 167, 55 Pac. 879, and cases cited.) The acts of 1891 and 1895 do not, however, cover the entire subject-matter of the act of 1887; that is, they do not contain substituted provisions for all of those contained in the earlier law. They contain no provision of limitation such as the one above quoted
For the purpose of this inquiry we will assume that, outside of the limitation clause in the act of 1887, the-later enactments cover the same general matter by the substitution of new and repugnant ¿uovisions, and therefore should be regarded as repealing the former by iiPplication. As to this," however, there may be a serious question, and upon it we express no opinion. For the purpose of meeting the contention of the defendants in error we will assume the correctness of their premise, but by doing so the soundness of their conclusion by no means follows. The rule is well settled that repeals by implication are not favored, and that any reasonable construction which offers an escape from the conclusion of an implied repeal is to be preferred, because more likely to be in consonance with the real intention of• the legislature. (Endlich, Interp. of Stat., § 210.) The theory of repeals by implication only applies in cases where the provisions o£ the earlier and later statutes in respect to like subjects are inconsistent, the old law being, in respect to-all distinct and separable matter not covered by the-later one, left in full force and effect. (Endlich, supra, § 205; Sutherland, Stat. Const., §§152-156.). In harmony with this rule it must be held that the-laws of 1891 and 1895, containing no limitation of time upon the bringing of suits to set aside or enjoin, assessments, and therefore not covering the entire-ground of the act of 1887, did not repeal the limitation clause contained in that act. This view is- further and greatly aided by the fact that the law of 1891 did in terms expressly repeal an earlier enactment-
“ The question of implied repeal being, after all, a question of implied intention, where the legislature expressly declares what effect, in the way of repeal, an act is intended to have, there is no room for any implication. It has even been held that a specific repeal by one statute of a particular section of another raises a clear implication that no further repeal is .intended, unless there is an absolute inconsistency between other provisions of the two statutes.” (Endlich, Interp. Stat., § 203.)
The defendants in error not having commenced their action within the statutory period, the remaining questions are easy of disposal. The law did not require the petition to the mayor and council for the making of the improvements in question to show upon its face that it was signed by- the resident own- . ers of a majority of the front feet to be paved. (City of Argentine v. Simmons, 54 Kan. 700, 39 Pac. 181.) The fact, if it were such, that the resident owners of a majority of the front feet did not in reality sign the petition did not appear upon it or upon other proceedings. Upon the face of the petition and other proceedings non-conformity to the law did not appear. In such cases the validity of the assessment cannot be challenged beyond the limited period allowed by the statute for so doing. (Doran v. Barnes, 54 Kan. 238, 38 Pac. 300.)
The objection made by the defendants in error to the consideration of the case for the reason that the i-ecord does not show the motion for new trial was made at the same term of court the judgment was rendered is unavailing. The record in respect to this
The judgment of the court below is reversed, with directions to proceed in accordance with this opinion.