113 Va. 224 | Va. | 1912
delivered the opinion of the court.
This action of trespass on the case was brought by the plaintiff to recover of the defendant Gas Company damages for its alleged
The first assignment of error is that the lower court declined to permit the defendant to introduce any evidence, because no grounds of defense had been filed, although the general issue had been pleaded, and the plaintiff had replied generally thereto.
Bill of exceptions No. 1, which embodies the defendant’s objection to this action of the court, shows that the defendant, at the call of the docket, tendered its plea of not guilty; that the plaintiff replied generally thereto, and that, on motion of the plaintiff, an order was then and there entered requiring the defendant to file in writing its grounds of defense; that upon the subsequent trial of the case, after the plaintiff had introduced all of his evidence and the defendant was proceeding to call its witnesses, the court, upon motion of the plaintiff, refused to allow the defendant to introduce any evidence, because it had failed to file its grounds of defense. Thereupon the defendant tendered, in writing, its grounds of defense, which were rejected, because they had not been filed previous to the trial of the case; and thereupon the defendant asked to be allowed to show what would be testified to by his witnesses, in order that a proper bill of exceptions might be made up, but the court declined to allow this to be done, on the ground that the defendant had failed to comply with the order of the court requiring the written grounds of defense to be filed, and, therefore, could not properly introduce any evidence.
The ruling of the court that, under the circumstances stated in this bill of exceptions, the defendant could introduce no evidence to sustain its plea of not guilty, is plainly erroneous. Under the plea of not guilty the defendant had the right to introduce any evidence which showed that it did not commit the alleged trespass, notwithstanding its failure to comply with the order requiring it to file its grounds of defense.
Section 3249 of the Code (which provides that, if a party fails to comply with an order requiring grounds of defense to be filed, the court may, when the case is tried, exclude evidence of any matter not described in the pleading of such party so plainly as to give the adverse party notice of its character) was not intended
Mr. Minor states the form of a plea in an action of trespass as follows: “And the said defendant, by his attorney, comes and says that he is not guilty of the said trespass above laid to his charge, or any part thereof, in manner and form as the said, plaintiff hath above thereof complained, and of this the said defendant puts himself upon the country.” 4 Minor’s Inst., p. 1348.
This is a plain statement that the defendant is not guilty of the -trespass alleged, and that his defense rests on such denial.
The declaration alleged that the defendant wrongfully arrested the plaintiff. The plea of not guilty gave the plaintiff full notice that the defense relied on was that the defendant did not commit the alleged trespass, and would introduce proof showing that he did not. This, and no more, the defendant had the right to show under his plea of not guilty, because the plea had given plain notice that such evidence would be introduced, which is all the statute required.
The object of section 3249 of the Code is to give the plaintiff reasonable notice of the particular defense upon which the defendant expects to rely, so that he may not be prejudiced by surprise. The statute was not intended to punish the defendant for failing to comply with an order requiring grounds of defense to be filed, but its purpose was to protect the plaintiff against any prejudice he might suffer by reason of such failure.
In support of the contention that the defendant in this case could introduce no evidence to sustain its plea, the plaintiff relies on two recent decisions of this court—namely, Colby v. Reams, 109 Va. 308, 63 S. E. 1009, and Chestnut v. Chestnut, 104 Va. 639, 52 S. E. 348, 2 L. R. A. (N. S.) 879.
In the first-named case the decision was rested upon the ground that no plea was filed, and, therefore, no issue was joined, the court holding that a judgment could not be sustained which was
As to the case of Chestnut v. Chestnut, supra, it is sufficient to say that there is nothing therein to justify its citation as authority in support of the proposition now under consideration. Opinions of courts, to be correctly understood, should always be read in the light of the facts of the case in which they are rendered.
As the evidence on another trial may change the whole character of the case, we will not consider the other assignments of error made in the petition.
On account of the error we have pointed out, the judgment complained of must be reversed, the verdict of the jury set aside, and the case remanded for a new trial to be had not in conflict with this opinion.
Reversed.