33 Colo. 1 | Colo. | 1904
delivered the opinion of the court.
This proceeding in mandamus, instituted by the board of county commissioners of Adams county against the city council of the city and county of Denver sitting as a board of county commissioners, was to' compel the latter to levy a tax to pay a cer
Prior to the year 1901 what may be properly designated as old Arapahoe county, was geographically the same as when our state constitution was adopted.- At the regular session of the thirteenth general assembly held in that year there was before that body a general scheme to grant to its county seat, the former city of Denver, so-called home rule, which involved the' subdivision of Arapahoe county into two new counties proper and the erection of a new body politic partaking of the nature and characteristics both of a city and county. To bring about this result the general assembly passed, in the form of an act, a proposed amendment to the constitution which has been submitted to, and ratified by the people, and is now known as article 20 of that instrument. By this amendment all the territory theretofore included within the outer boundaries of the former city of Denver, which inclosed several distinct municipalities and some unorganized territory, was merged into one body corporate to be known thereafter as the city and county of Denver. At the same session the general assembly passed two acts by which all of the remaining portion of the territory of old Arapahoe county was divided into two parts, one of which was made into the new county of Adams, and the other into the county of South Arapahoe, which were to take effect on November 15, 1902, only in the event that the constitutional amendment was adopted. When these three measures went into effect, that which was formerly the county of Arapahoe, therefore, became three separate political subdivisions of the state, bearing the
This amendment was voted upon at the general election held on the 4th day of November, 1902, and received a majority of the legal votes cast. Section 1 thereof provides that the new city and county of Denver shall own all of the property theretofore owned or possessed by the included municipalities and by the county of Arapahoe, and shall succeed to all the rights, liabilities and benefits, and shall assume and pay all bonds, obligations and indebtedness, of these constituent bodies. Section 3 provides that immediately upon the canvass of the vote showing the adoption of the amendment it shall be the duty of the governor to issue his proclamation accordingly, and thereupon the former city of Denver and the pre-existing municipal corporations and the designated part of the county of Arapahoe shall merge into the city and county of Denver.
In the acts of the general assembly creating the two new counties proper and carving the same out of Arapahoe county, provision was made for a division of property between them, and at the next succeeding regular session of the general assembly in 1903 the appropriate sections of these acts of 1901 were amended so as to make more definite the method of appraising the property of the respective counties, and for adjusting the equities between them arising out of the dismemberment of old Arapahoe county and the creation of the new ones. — Session Laws 1901, 133; Session Laws 1903, 159. Acting under the amendment of 1903, and in accordance with its directions, it was ascertained that the new city and county of Denver should pay to the county of Adams about sixty thousand dollars. The city and county of Denver refused to pay the same, or to levy a tax for
1. The law of this state requires the levy of the annual county tax to be made not later than November 30, but if laid at a later time, it is not, for that reason, invalid. On this day the county of Adams caused a demand to be made upon the city council of Denver to pay, or levy a tax to pay, the claim in question, which the latter refused to do. These proceedings were thereupon instituted, and the alternative writ issued to which the city council made return on the 21st of December, 1903, in form, an answer, in legal effect, a demurrer. The only defense set up was that the act of 1903, by which this demand was imposed, is unconstitutional in that it places upon the city and county of Denver burdens, and provides a basis and method for adjusting the equities between these respective counties other than, and different from, those which article 20 prescribes. The court indicating that it entertained a contrary view, the respondent was permitted to file an amended return which, in substance, states that after the issuance and service of the alternative writ and the filing of the original return the respondent, on January 2, 1904, sitting as a board of county commissioners, enacted an ordinance by which it reached the limit of its power to levy a tax to raise a fund for ordinary county purposes, and caused such levy to be certified to the county assessor, and that by reason of the premises it is without authority to
It was improper for the city council, after the service of the alternative writ and while the proceeding was pending, to enact any ordinance which provided for a levy inconsistent with, or contrary to, its command. Neither the original nor the amended return constitutes a defense to the writ, if the statute of 1903 is valid. The amended'return certainly shows no cause why the writ should be discharged. In Session Laws. 1899, 330, it is enacted that there shall be levied and assessed upon all taxable property within counties of the first class, for ordinary county revenues, including the support of the poor, and for the purpose of raising a fund to meet any unforeseen contingency, taxes at such rate as may be necessary, but not to exceed three mills on each dollar of valuation.
If this act is now applicable to the city and county of Denver, as to which we express no opinion, it certainly has no bearing upon this case. The demand which the general assembly has imposed upon the city and county of Denver is not one whose payment must be made only out of its ordinary county revenues, and it is not a claim upon either of the other two funds. It is not an expense or claim or demand against the county of an ordinary, but of an extraordinary, kind, and the power to impose it, if it exist at all, carries with it as a necessary implication the power, residing in the city and county of Denver, to pay the same and to levy a tax for that purpose other than, and in addition to, that which it may levy to secure its ordinary county revenue. This, we think, clearly appears from the authorities. — Ralls County Court v. U. S., 105 U. S. 733; U. S.
The fact that the city council assumed to make the annual levy after service of the alternative writ, did not exhaust its power in the premises or defeat the proceeding. If by such action a municipality can escape the performance of its duty, it might, by the merest subterfuge, easily repudiate all its just obligations. It was entirely competent for the district court in the circumstances of this case, as was done, before the books passed into the hands of the treasurer, to compel the council to reconvene and to correct the levy theretofore made, by amending the same, or by adding an additional levy sufficient to pay this claim, which, in fact, counsel say has been done. — People v. Salomon, 54 Ills. 39; Wartman v. Wartman,29 Fed.Cases No.17,210; State v. Headlee, 22 Wash. 126; Sharpe v. Engle, 2 Okla. 624; County Comrs. v. Melvin, 89 Md. 37.
2. The other defense to the writ, upon which plaintiff in error mainly relies, is that the act of 1903 is unconstitutional. We observe in the first place that the general assembly in this act selected as its representatives for carrying out its commands those who were acting as boards of commissioners of the respective counties. They were mere instrumentalities of the state government for the accomplishment of its purpose, and the general rule in such cases is that it is not competent for them to raise the question of the constitutionality of the statute under which they are to act, but this question should be left to those who are directly interested in, and affected by, its provisions. — People v. Ames, 24 Colo. 422; Ames v. People, 26 Colo. 83; People v. Salomon, supra.
That, in the absence of a constitutional limitation, it is competent for the legislature, at the time it carves out a new county from the territory of an
But it is said that when article 20 gave to the new city and county of Denver all the property theretofore owned by the old county of Arapahoe and required the new municipality to pay all the latter’s bonds, obligations and indebtedness, this was a complete adjustment of the rights and equities of the two by a constitutional amendment which was intended to be, and was, exclusive of any other legislative arrangement, and that only such burdens as existed when the new county sprang into existence’were contemplated. The general assembly during the same session at which it prepared, in the form of an act, the submission of this constitutional amendment, passed an act for the creation of the county of Adams, and another for the county of South Arapahoe, and therein made provision for an ascertainment and settlement of the claims and demands which the two new counties might have against Arapahoe county out of whose territory they, as well as the city and county of Denver, had been formed. Possibly because of indefiniteness, or lack of time for its execution, the act of 1901 seemed not susceptible of practical enforcement. However that may be, the general assembly in 1903, as it might do, amended the earlier act whereby its uncertainties were rémoved. Under this last act the respective officers of the city and
While it is not conclusive with the courts, nevertheless a contemporaneous legislative construction of a statute or constitutional provision is persuasive. Here we are bound to conclude that the same general assembly which submitted the constitutional amendment, when it passed the Adams county act, did not suppose that the amendment was intended to settle, or that it did adjust, definitely the respective property rights and liabilities growing out of the subdivision of old Arapahoe county into three new political subdivisions, or that the act of 1901 or 1903 contained hostile provisions, and we must construe these various acts so as to bring harmony out of them, if sound canons of construction permit. There is nothing in the language of section 1 of article 20 which is inconsistent with the legislative interpretation. Indeed, we think it clear that the intention was to leave to the general assembly the power which it assumed to exercise in the act -of 1901 and later in the act of 1903.
In the court below and upon the application for a supersedeas, the attorneys for the city and county of Denver expressly stated that the constitutional amendment went into effect on the 1st day of December, 1902, when the governor issued his proclamation declaring the result of the official canvass of the vote. Upon final hearing, however, this position was abandoned, and learned counsel now say that this amendment took effect eo instanli upon the day of the general election when a majority of the people ratified it. Of course, such a fact, if it be a question of fact, is not established by admission, or agreement, of
The reason for the insistence by counsel upon their latest contention becomes apparent when it is observed that in the act creating Adams county was the declaration that it should take effect on the 15th day of November, 1902, and only if the constitutional amendment was adopted. If, say counsel, the constitutional amendment was not in force until the first day of December, 1902, the day of the proclamation, the Adams county act was a valid law sixteen days before; hut if the amendment became effective at once upon its ratification, then the city and county of Denver became an organized body eleven days before Adams county was created. Therefore they draw the conclusion that the Arapahoe county from which Adams county was taken was not the original Arapahoe county out cf which the city and county of Denver was carved, but it comprised only so much thereof as was left after the city and county of Denver was segregated. The argument proceeds further, and it is that Adams county therefore could not equitably claim to be the beneficiary — nor could the legislature make it such — of any indebtedness which original Arapahoe county owed, which, and which only, the city and county of Denver was to pay; because, as already said, the territory now composing’ Adams county was no part of the original Arapahoe county from which the city and county of Denver was taken, but was created out of that part left after the latter was formed.
We do not concede that this argument is valid,
Becurring again to the situation that confronted the legislative department, let us see what measures it adopted to perfect the plan in the legislative mind. Old Arapahoe county was subdivided into three new bodies politic. All of the property owned or possessed by .original Arapahoe county was given to the new city and county of Denver. This property was acquired from taxes levied upon all the property of the old county. To the revenue thus derived, and so used, the territory which was set off to the county of Adams contributed its portion, as did the territory which was constituted into the county of South Arapahoe. The constitutional amendment made no ■specific provision for the payment by the new city and county of Denver to the county of Adams or to the county of South Arapahoe for their proportionate interest in this county property, but provision was made for payment by the new city and county of Denver of all the obligations and liabilities of the county of Arapahoe, and to its rights these newly
The judgment of the district court ordering this tax to be levied was right, and its judgment is, therefore, affirmed. . Affirmed.