Cincinnati School District Board of Education v. Hamilton County Board of Revision

Jan 5, 2000
No. 99-82
Versions:87 Ohio St. 3d 363
721 N.E.2d 40

Lead Opinion

Per Curiam.

Thе BOE contends that the BTA had no authority to set aside the BOR’s order of August 18,1997. We agree.

A timely complaint against the valuation of the property was filed by the BOE seeking an increase in taxable value of $151,900 for tax year 1996. R.C. 5715.19(B) provides that when a complaint is filed by someone other than the owner and the amount of the stated undervaluation is at least $17,500 the auditor is to give notice of the complaint to the property owner. R.C. 5715.19(B) further provides that within thirty days after receiving the notice the property owner may file a complaint objecting to the claim of undervaluation and be mаde a party to the action. R.C. 5715.19(C) also provides that the board of revision shall notify the property owner at least ten days prior to a hearing of its time and place. In addition to the notice requirements of R.C. 5715.19, R.C. 5715.12 provides that the board of revision shall not increase any valuation withоut giving notice to the person in whose name the property affected is listed and affording him or her the opportunity to be heard. Finally, when the board of revision renders its decision, R.C. 5715.20 requires that it give notice of its action by certified mail to the person in whose name the property is listed.

In this сase, none of the required notices listed above was given to Candlewood in a timely fashion either before the hearing on July 2, 1997, or the decision of August 18, 1997.

The BOE contends that the BOR’s actions were proper because the BOE’s complaint named as property owner, and notices werе given to, the person listed as owner on the auditor’s records. A review of the various provisions of R.C. Chapter 5715 shows that different terms are used to describe the person to whom the required notice is to be given. R.C. 5715.19 requires notice to the “property owner”; R.C. 5715.12 requires notice to be given “to the person in whose name the property affected * * * is listed”; R.C. 5715.20 requires notice to “the person in whose name the property is listed.”

In State ex rel. Rolling Hills Local School ‍‌​‌‌‌‌​​‌​​​​​​​​‌​​‌​​‌​​​‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​​​‌‌‍Dist. Bd. of Edn. v. Brown (1992), 63 Ohio St.3d 520, 521, 589 N.E.2d 1265, 1266, we stated, “The auditor prepares the tax list pursuant to R.C. 319.28. On the tax list, he records, inter alia, all the parcels in the county, the names of their owners, and the taxing district in which each parcel is located.” R.C. 319.20 describes how the auditor shall transfer ownership of land on the tax list: “[T]he county auditor shall transfer any land * * * charged with taxes on the tax list, from the name in which it stands into the name of the owner, when rendered necessary by a conveyance * * See, also, R.C. 323.17. Clearly, the auditor’s tаx list is to contain the name of the owners. It is presumed that the auditor does his or her job correctly and that the tax list contains the correct names of the owners of the property. However, as demonstrated by the facts in this case, when a complainant filing a complaint for valuation of real property relies upon the auditor’s tax list he or she does so at his or her peril. If the auditor’s tax list is not correct and a complainant files a complaint listing an incorrect name, then the notices given by the board of revision will be given to the wrong persons, the notice requirement of R.C. Chapter 5715 will not be met, and the actual owner will not receive any of the required notices.

The giving of notice to a person who is incorrectly listed on the auditor’s tax list as the owner does not meet the notice requirements of R.C. Chapter 5715. In Columbus Apartments Assoc. v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Revision (1981), 67 Ohio St.2d 85, 89-90, 21 O.O.3d 54, 57, 423 N.E.2d 147, 150, we stated, “In that it is the owner’s, not the school board’s, property which is the subject of the complaint and evaluation proceeding before a board of revision, the owner is an indispensable party to that proceeding.”

The consequences of not giving notice to an indispensable party, like the actual owner, were set forth in Lincoln Tavern, Inc. v. Snader (1956), 165 Ohio St. 61, 64, 59 O.O. 74, 75-76, 133 N.E.2d 606, 610, where we stated, “It is axiomatic that for a court to acquire jurisdiction there must be a proper service of summons or an entry of appearance, and a judgment rendered without proper service or entry of appearance is a nullity and void.” Without the required notices being given to Candlewood, the BOR acquired no jurisdiction.

Because the notices required by R.C. Chapter 5715 were not given to Candle-wood prior to the BOR’s July 2, 1997 hearing and after its August 18, 1997 decision, and no voluntary appearance was made by Candlewood, the BOR’s August 18, 1997 decision is a nullity and void as regards Candlewood. As one Texas appellate court so aptly stated concerning a void judgment, “[i]t is good nowhere and bad everywhere.” Dews v. Floyd (Tex.Civ.App.1967), 413 S.W.2d 800, 804.

Almost a year after the original complaint had been filed the BOR discovered that no notices had been sent to Candlewood. In an attempt to remedy the lack of notice, the BOR sent a letter to Candlewood on March 16, 1998, notifying it that a complaint had been filed by the BOE. On April 7, 1998, the BOR notified Candlewood that a hearing was to be held on April 30,1998.

A review of the relevant statute shows that neither of ‍‌​‌‌‌‌​​‌​​​​​​​​‌​​‌​​‌​​​‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​​​‌‌‍the notices sent to Candlewood by the BOR was timely. R.C. 5715.19 requires that the notice of the filing of the complaint was to have been sent to Candlewood by April 30, 1997. No notice of the filing of the BOR complaint was sent to Candlewood until March 16, 1998. In addition, Candlewood was never notified of the original BOR hearing on July 2, 1997.. No notice of any hearing was sent tо Candlewood until April 7, 1998.

R.C. 5715.20 provides that any decision of the BOR rendered on a complaint filed under R.C. 5715.19 is to be sent to the person in whose name the property is listed. The notice of the result of the July 2, 1997 hearing was sent out August 18,1997, but no copy was sent to Candlewood.

R.C. 5717.01 and 5717.05 permit an appeal of a board of revision decision to be taken either to the BTA or common pleas court within thirty days. No appeal of the BOR’s August 18, 1997 decision was filed within thirty days. This case presents the question whether a board of revision can vacate a void decision after the time for appeal of the decision has expired.

When it eventually was informed of the BOR’s 1997 decision, Candlewood filed a countercomplaint on April 14, 1998, requesting that the complaint filed by the BOE be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. In addition Candlewood also filed a motion requesting the BOR to dismiss the BOE complaint and to vacate its рrior order. The BOR granted Candlewood’s requests and vacated its August 18, 1997 decision and reinstated the prior valuation.

A board of revision is a creature of statute and is limited to the powers conferred upon it by statute. Morgan Cty. Budget Comm. v. Bd. of Tax Appeals (1963), 175 Ohio St. 225, 24 O.O.2d 340, 193 N.E.2d 145, paragraph three of the syllabus. Steward v. Evatt (1944), 143 Ohio St. 547, 28 O.O. 472, 56 N.E.2d 159, paragraph one of the syllabus. The authority granted to a board of revision by R.C. 5715.01 is to “hear complaints and revise assessments of real property for taxation.” We know of no statutory authority for a board of revision to vacate a void decision after the appeal time has expired. Having no statutory authority to vacate void decisions after the expiration of the appeal time, does a board of revision have nonstatutory authority to vacate a void decision after the appeal time has expired?

In Patton v. Diemer (1988), 35 Ohio St.3d 68, 518 N.E.2d 941, the defendant, using Civ.R. 60(B), sought to vacate a judgment that was void ab initio. The plaintiff contended that the defendant had failed to demonstrate any of the grounds for relief presсribed by Civ.R. 60(B). We held that the court could vacate the judgment, stating, “The authority to vacate a void judgment is not derived from Civ.R. 60(B) but rather constitutes an inherent power possessed by Ohio courts.” Paragraph four of the syllabus. See, also, Staff Notes to Civ.R. 60(B). In Van DeRyt v. Van DeRyt (1966), 6 Ohio St.2d 31, 36, 35 O.O.2d 42, 45, 215 N.E.2d 698, 704, we stated, “A court has an inherent power to vacate a void judgment because such an order simply recognizes the fact that the judgment was always a nullity.” The term “inherent power” used in the two preceding cases is defined ‍‌​‌‌‌‌​​‌​​​​​​​​‌​​‌​​‌​​​‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​​​‌‌‍in Black’s Law Dictionary (6 Ed.1990) 782 as “[a]n authority possessed without its being derived from another. A right, ability, or faculty of doing a thing, without receiving that right, ability, or faculty from another.”

While we have recognized the inherent power of courts to vacate void judgments, we have recognized the inherent power of administrative boards to reconsider their decisions only in very limited circumstances. In Hal Artz Lincoln-Mercury, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co. (1986), 28 Ohio St.3d 20, 28 OBR 83, 502 N.E.2d 590, paragraph three of the syllabus, we held that prior to the actual institution of an appeal or expiration of the time for appeal, administrative agencies generally “have inherent authority to reconsider their own decisions since the power to decide in the first instance carries with it the power to rеconsider.” See, also, Natl. Tube Co. v. Ayres (1949), 152 Ohio St. 255, 262, 40 O.O. 312, 315, 89 N.E.2d 129, 133; Tims v. Holland Furnace Co. (1950), 152 Ohio St. 469, 40 O.O. 487, 90 N.E.2d 376; State ex rel. Borsuk v. Cleveland (1972), 28 Ohio St.2d 224, 57 O.O.2d 464, 277 N.E.2d 419. Although the BOR may have had the inherent power to reconsider its August 18, 1997 decision before the appeal time expired, the BOR decision vacating the August 18, 1997 decision under consideration here came after the appeal time for the August 18, 1997 decision had expired. We find no inherent power for a board of revision to vacate a decision, even a void decision, after the appeal time has run. If a board of revision were to review its prior decision after the appeal time had expired, the board would in effect be acting аs a reviewing court for its own prior decision. Only the BTA and the common pleas courts have been granted authority under R.C. 5717.01 and 5717.05 to review board of revision decisions, and even they can review decisions only where the appeals have been filed in a timely manner.

While the BTA had jurisdiction to review the BOR’s June 1, 1998 decision, it had no jurisdiction to review the BOR’s August 18, 1997 decision because the thirty-day appeal time for the August 18, 1997 decision had expired. Thus, the only issue that could be considered by the BTA was whether in its June 1, 1998 decision the BOR had authority to vacate its order of August 18, 1997. For the reasons set forth above we find that neither the BOR nor the BTA had authority to consider the BOR’s decision of August 18, 1997. Therefore, the BOE’s motion to vacate the BOR’s order of June 1,1998, should have been granted.

We express no opinion on the BOE’s contention that the proper relief for Candlewood is under R.C. 2723.01.

Accordingly, for all the foregoing reasons, we find that the decision of the BTA is unreasonable and unlawful, and it is reversed.

Decision reversed.

Moyer, C.J., Douglas, Resnick, F.E. Sweeney and Pfeifer, JJ., concur. Cook, J., concurs separately. Lundberg Stratton, J., dissents.



Dissenting Opinion

Lundberg Stratton, J.,

dissenting. The majority admits that the failure to notify Candlewood of the valuation hearing deprived the BOR of jurisdiction to consider the complaint filed by the Cincinnati Boаrd of Education. As a result, the majority finds that the decision of the BOR, increasing the value of Candle-wood’s property, is a nullity. The majority recognizes that the BOR has authority to reconsider its decisions. However, the majority then determines that the BOR had no authority to vacate this decision, even if void, bеcause the appeal time had run. In support of its holding, the majority cites Hal Artz Lincoln-Mercury, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co. (1986), 28 Ohio St.3d 20, 28 OBR 83, 502 N.E.2d 590, which held:

“Generally, administrative agencies have inherent authority to reconsider their own decisions since the power to decide in the first instance carries with it the power to reconsider. The agencies retain jurisdiction to set aside or otherwise reconsider their decisions until the actual institution of a court appeal or until expiration of the time for appeal * * Id. at paragraph three of the syllabus.

I disagree with the majority’s holding for the following reasons. In an August 18, 1997 decision, the BOR increased the value of Candlewood’s proрerty. Candlewood had no notice ‍‌​‌‌‌‌​​‌​​​​​​​​‌​​‌​​‌​​​‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​​​‌‌‍of the August 18, 1997 decision until March 1998. Shortly thereafter, Candlewood filed its motion to vacate, which ultimately persuaded the BOR to vacate its decision.

The time period for appeal of an agency decision does not commence where thе agency fails to notify the appellant of its decision. Slone v. Ohio Bd. of Embalmers & Funeral Directors (1995), 107 Ohio App.3d 628, 669 N.E.2d 288. Failure of notice of a decision justifies tolling the appeal time. See State ex rel. Hughes v. Celeste (1993), 67 Ohio St.3d 429, 619 N.E.2d 412.

Since Candlewood never received notice of the August 18, 1997 decision of the BOR until March 1998, I believe that appeal time for that decision should have been tolled until at least March 1998, the date that Candlewood received notice of the decision. Thus, I believe that, even under Hal Artz Lincoln-Mercury, the BOR retained the authority to vacate its August 18, 1997 decision because the appeal time had not run, but rather had been tolled until the proceedings were rеvisited by the BOR pursuant to Candlewood’s motion to vacate, which ultimately led the BOR to decide to vacate its decision. Hal Artz Lincoln-Mercury, paragraph six of the syllabus.

Second, in addition to the tolling argument, I believe that the BOR had the authority to vacate its decision regardless of whether the appeal time had run or an appеal had been taken. Although I generally agree that Hal Artz Lincoln-Mercury dictates that expiration of the appeal time or the filing of a notice of appeal terminates an agency’s jurisdiction to reconsider its decision, I believe that it does not apply in this case. In State ex rel. B & C Machine Co. v. Indus. Comm. (1992), 65 Ohio St.3d 538, 605 N.E.2d 372, this court addressed a workers’ compensation appeal. As a threshold matter, the court had to determine whether the filing of a notice of appeal with the court of common pleas divested the Industrial Commission of jurisdiction to reconsider its order. This court found that the issue appealed to the court of common pleas came within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Industrial Commission. Because the issue was not appealable, the court determined that the appeal was a nullity, and thus the notice of appeal did not divest the Industrial Commission of jurisdiction to reconsider its decision. Id. at 541, 605 N.E.2d at 375.

As the majority recognizes, the decision of the BOR that increased the value of Candlewood’s property is a “nullity and void” because Candlewood was never notified of the action or the hearing that led to it. Applying the rationale of B & C Machine Co., I would find that, because the August 18, 1997 order of the BOR was a nullity, the commencement of an appeal or the running of the appeal time should not divest the BOR of jurisdiction to vacate the order. I believe that this reasoning comports with common sense because in reality there is no valid decision to appeal. After all, vacating a void decision is merely a recognition that the decision was always a nullity. Van DeRyt v. Van DeRyt (1966), 6 Ohio St.2d 31, 36, 35 O.O.2d 42, 45, 215 N.E.2d 698, 704.

For all the aforementioned reasons, I would affirm the decision of the BOR to vacate its August 18, 1997 decision increasing the value of Candlewood’s property. Therefore, I dissent.





Concurrence Opinion

Cook, J.,

concurring. I concur with the majority’s conclusion that the failure to provide thе required notices to Candlewood deprived the BOR of jurisdiction to make its original decision increasing the valuation of Candlewood’s property. These procedural failures rendered the BOR’s original August 18, 1997 valuation increase a nullity. The dissent believes that under Hal Artz Lincoln-Mercury, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co. (1986), 28 Ohio St.3d 20, 28 OBR 83, 502 N.E.2d 590, the BOR retained jurisdiction to set аside or reconsider this valuation since the time for appealing that order had been tolled due to the agency’s failure to notify Candlewood of its decision. I agree with the majority, however, ‍‌​‌‌‌‌​​‌​​​​​​​​‌​​‌​​‌​​​‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​​​​​‌‌‍that since the BOR is a creature of statute, its authority to reconsider its decisions is limited to the powers conferred upon it by statute. And no authority existed under R.C. Title 57 for the BOR’s action in this case.