223 Ill. 104 | Ill. | 1906
delivered the opinion of the court:
This writ of error challenges the constitutionality of the act of the General Assembly adopted March 26, 1874, entitled “An act in relation to courts of record,” (1 Starr & Curt. 1200,) and also the constitutionality of section 21 of the original act as amended by the act of May 10, 1901. (Hurd’s Stat. 1905, p. 631.)
Section 21 of the act provides: “A city court consisting of one or more judges, not exceeding five, and not exceeding one judge for every fifty thousand inhabitants, may be organized and established under this act in any city which contains at least three thousand inhabitants, whenever the common or city council shall adopt an ordinance or resolution to submit the question, whether such court shall be established, consisting of one or more judges, not exceeding five, as may be specified in such ordinance or resolution, to the qualified voters of such city; and two-thirds of the votes cast at such election shall be in favor of the establishment of such court.”
It is contended that the act delegates to city councils the power (1) to ascertain whether the city contains at least three thousand inhabitants; (2) to determine as to the advisability or necessity of the establishment of a city court in the municipality; (3) to determine how many judges shall be in the city court; and that the powers so attempted to be delegated are legislative in character and must be exercised only by the legislature.
The population of a city may be ascertained by the exercise of ministerial acts alone, hence that objection is groundless. This court is committed to the view that the provision in an enactment that the final operation thereof may be made to depend upon some contingency, as the vote of electors of a given territory within which the law is to operate, or some like contingency, is not the delegation of legislative functions to electors or to corporate officials of the territory or municipality. (Home Ins. Co. v. Swigert, 104 Ill. 653.) The courts of sister States have declared the same doctrine. State v. Sullivan, 67 Minn. 34; Moers v. Reading, 21 Pa. St. 202.
The contention that this doctrine has application only when the enactments are local in their operation and directly affect the people, only, to whom they are referred for approval or rejection, if conceded, would not render the enactments under consideration unconstitutional, for the reason the direct operation of the subject of the act is restricted to the inhabitants of the city or those voluntarily within its territorial limits. The act is not local or special legislation because the cities in which city courts are created are restricted to those having not less than three thousand inhabitants. The classification of municipalities, for purposes of legislation, on the basis of population was considered and approved in Cummings v. City of Chicago, 144 Ill. 563, and the subject was there fully discussed and the discussion need not be here repeated. The necessity for additional courts may arise because of the number of inhabitants in a city, and thus the classification be justified. When the classification on the basis of population has reasonable relation to the purposes and objects of the legislation, the act is not within the constitutional prohibition against local or special laws. People ex rel. v. Knopf, 183 Ill. 410; L'Hote v. Village of Milford, 212 id. 418.
The argument that city courts, under the act now being considered, are created by the officials and voters of the municipality is not sound. It is the act of the legislature that creates the city court,—not the act of the city council or the vote of the electors. The action of the city council, and the election held in pursuance thereof, are but the contingencies upon which the enactment comes into operation in any given city.
Section 39 of article 6 of the constitution, which provides that all laws relating to courts shall be of general and uniform operation, is not infringed by the act under consideration. The act provides for courts of the same jurisdiction and authority in all cities in the State of the same population. The operation of the act is uniform and general in all cities in which its provisions come into operation. There is but one mode of determining the number of judges in the different city courts, and no lack of uniformity or generality of provisions appears in this respect.
Nor do we think there is any force in the contention that the General Assembly was wanting in power to establish city courts in any city of Cook county. The argument of counsel for plaintiff in error seems to be based on expressions in the opinion of this court in Missouri River Telegraph Co. v. First Nat. Bank of Sioux City, 74 Ill. 217, in which we declared that the judicial power of the State was to be found expressed in section 1 of article 6 of the constitution, and that this section exhausted the judicial power of the people of the State, fully disposing of such power and leaving no residuum. Section 23 and to and including section 28 of said article 6 of the constitution are grouped under the heading “Courts of Cook County.” Following the reasoning in Missouri River Telegraph Co. v. First Nat. Bank, supra, it is insisted these sections expressed the judicial power of the people of the State as to Cook county. Section 26 of said article 6 relates to the then existing “recorder’s court of the city of Chicago,” changes the name of that court to the “criminal court of Cook county,” and continues the court in existence under such last mentioned name, with powers and jurisdiction identical with the powers and jurisdiction granted to city courts under the act under consideration.
It is argued that sections 23 to 26 exhausted the judicial power as to courts in Cook county, and that the provisions with relation to “recorder’s court of the city of Chicago,” whereby the same was merged into the “criminal court of Cook county” and given power and jurisdiction throughout the county, forbade the creation by the legislature of any other court in Cook county having like power and jurisdiction as given the criminal court of Cook county by section 26 of article 6. Section 1 of article 6 of the constitution is as follows: “The judicial powers, except as in this article is otherwise provided, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, circuit courts, county courts, justices of the peace, police magistrates and such courts as may be created by law in and for cities and incorporated towns.” Here is ample power for the creation of city courts by the legislature. Section 26 of the same article 6 does not intend, or by fair implication create, any restriction or limitation on the power expressed in said section 1. The two sections construed together may both be given operation. We see no difficulty in so considering the two sections and giving them both full effect.
The judgment appealed from must be and is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.