161 Ind. 512 | Ind. | 1903
— Appellee recovered against appellant a judgment for personal injuries alleged to have been caused by the negligence of appellant in the construction and maintenance of certain approaches to a highway crossing of its railroad. Divers answers to interrogatories were returned with the general verdict, and the correctness of the court’s ruling that said answers did not entitle appellant to judgment notwithstanding the general verdict is the only question presented.
The complaint avers that appellant in constructing its railroad intersected an established highway in Montgomery county known as the “Haw creek road” with a fill twenty feet higher than the surface of the highway; that prior to said intersection the Haw creek road was at that place
The facts found in answer to interrogatories are, in substance, as follows: The plaintiff was injured while driving west on the Haw creek road at a point where the defendant’s railroad intersects said highway with a grade above that of the highway. At the point of intersection the highway runs east and west, and the railroad north and south. The defendant’s track was higher than the traveled highway, and to enable travelers to get over the railroad the defendant had constructed approaches, but these approaches were not, any part of them, suitable for travel, and were unsafe for an ordinary farm wagon drawn by two horses to be driven over them. "When injured the plaintiff was driving two animals hitched to a farm wagon loaded with farm implements, and with a corn-planter tied and trailing behind. The team plaintiff was driving was gentle, and easily managed, and had often been safely driven by the plaintiff over that crossing. The condition
It is the law that one is not always bound to abandon travel on a highway because he knows it to bo defective and dangerous. See cases collected in Town of Gosporl v. Evans, 112 Ind. 133, 2 Am. St. 164. Board, etc., v. Mutchler, 137 Ind. 140, 148; Board, etc., v. Brown, 89 Ind. 48.
It is doubtless the duty of the traveler to avoid all threatening situations by going another way when he may reasonably do so, but he is entitled to travel the highway, and when he has no alternative, as in this case, he is not bound to forego an effort to pass, provided the highway is not so defective as to make it obvious to a person of ordinary understanding that it can not be encountered without injury. City of Ft. Wayne v. Breese, 123 Ind. 581.
A traveler must, however, in all cases observe due or ordinary care; that is, his care must bo great or slight, in the particular case, according to the degree of peril that confronts him, and in no case less than he might, under the circumstances, reasonably and honestly believe suffi
In the last case cited it is said by Mitchell, J., that “the doctrine to be extracted from the cases is, that although a sidewalk, or highway, may be in an apparently defective or dangerous condition, yet a person with knowledge of the defect or danger is not on that account obliged to abandon travel upon the highway, if, by the exercise of care proportioned to the known danger, he may reasonably expect to shun or avoid the defect.”
There is no question of assumed risk in this case, however well appellee knew of the defective condition of the crossing. Appellant, in the construction of its railroad, having intersected an established highway, it became its imperative statutory duty to restore the highway, thus intersected, to its former state, or in a sufficient manner not unnecessarily to impair its usefulness, and in such manner as to afford security for life and property. §5153 Burns 1901, clause 5; Chicago, etc., R. Co. v. State, ex rel, 158 Ind. 189, 191, and cases cited.
Whatever danger or risk, obvious or otherwise, resulted from the failure of appellant to perform its specific statutory duty to keep the crossing safe and in good condition for travel, was assumed by appellant, who wrongfully created it, and not by appellee. The appellee is answerable only for his conduct in dealing with the defective conditions as he found them. As relates to him the question is: (1) Was it negligence to undertake, at all, to drive his team and load over the crossing in its known condition,
What do the answers to the interrogatories show? It has been so often decided by this court as to make it appear supererogation to cite the cases that a general verdict will prevail against special findings of fact in answer to interrogatories, unless it clearly appears that the general verdict, after being reenforced by the assumed proof of all favorable facts provable under the issues, and all natural inferences arising from such facts, in its relation to such special findings, is so incompatible and contradictory on some material point that' both can not possibly be true. The rule is rooted in the theory that the general verdict is the jury’s deduction from all the facts proved in the case, and in its support it will be presumed that isolated adverse facts specially found were overcome by other-proved facts, if such other facts might have been properly proved under the issues. It is shown by the findings that appellee was familiar with the' condition of the crossing; that his team was gentle, and he had often safely driven it over; and we must assume in support of the verdict, because not shown to the contrary, that in his previous successful efforts his team had drawn like or heavier loads. It is also found that he believed at the time of the accident that he could safely drive over, and, if he had safely driven the same team, with an equal load, over the crossing, frequently before, the jury had the right to consider this circumstance in adjudging the quality of his conduct.
Judgment affirmed.